| 1. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(author)
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Back to the future : Detecting past Arctic environmental change and investing in future observations
- 2018
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In: The Routledge Handbook of the Polar Regions. - 9781138843998 - 9781317549574 ; , s. 492-507
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter describes the Back to the Future (BTF) approach with illustrations of different data sets and their conclusions and stimulates the growth of such studies. The BTF Project included several studies that "discovered" old data sets, digitized them, carried out analyses and made data and analyses available in publications. An important aspect of the BTF approach is that the evidence of changes–or no changes–is determined independently of the climate change issue as the original sites, paintings, photographs, and data sets were established before the climate change paradigm predominated. Even though the intentions of the photographs were not to record the environments for future reference, backgrounds and foregrounds in many photos provide good evidence of past environments. The photographs were taken at the end of the nineteenth century and in the beginning of the twentieth century and many show important environmental details in an area of Swedish Lapland where development has not obscured the field of view of the photographs.
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| 2. |
- Parmentier, Frans Jan W.
(author)
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Ocean-land interactions and the Arctic carbon cycle
- 2018
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In: The Routledge Handbook of the Polar Regions. - 9781138843998 - 9781317549574 - 9781315730639 ; , s. 478-491
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter focuses on the Arctic since ocean-land interactions are more important for the Arctic than the Antarctic carbon cycle. It explores the complexity of connections between the ocean and land of the North Pole region, and possible impacts on greenhouse gas exchange and lateral carbon flows thereof. Ocean-land interactions in the Arctic integrate the terrestrial and marine environments. The Arctic is a source of methane and higher temperatures stimulate methane-producing microbes in the ground. Higher temperatures affect the terrestrial carbon cycle through altered plant productivity, increased respiration, and higher methane emissions. The impact of sea ice decline on the carbon cycle would be very dissimilar between the two regions due to diametric differences. While Antarctica is a frozen continent with little vegetation surrounded by ocean, the Arctic Ocean is a dynamic environment surrounded by land with vast expanses of vegetation, and an enormous amount of carbon locked away in the permafrost.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Margareta, et al.
(author)
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Permafrost dynamics
- 2018
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In: The Routledge Handbook of the Polar Regions. - 9781138843998 - 9781315730639 ; , s. 239-252
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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