| 1. |
- Marklund, Stellan, 1949-, et al.
(author)
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Determination of PCDDs and PCDFs in incineration samples and pyrolytic products
- 2018
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In: Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in perspective. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781351070645 - 9781315891545 ; , s. 79-92
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The formation of polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators is now well documented and not controversial. It is interesting to compare the PCDD and the PCDF emissions from MSW incinerators with other energy sources. The identification of lower chlorinated PCDFs like penta-CDFs in pyrolysis of hexachloroethane indicates dechlorination to be an important pathway for the formation of PCDDs and PCDFs. The environmental and human health impact of the emissions of PCDDs and PCDFs from MSW incinerators have been discussed in Umea as well as at other places in Sweden and in other countries. The laboratory pyrolysis of PVC and Saran clearly shows that PVC and other organochlorine polymers can be precursors to the PCDDs and PCDFs found in various incinerators. The chapter discusses some of the data collected so far for various types of incinerators or incineration models.
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| 2. |
- Nygren, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Identification of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in environmental and human samples
- 1986. - 1
-
In: Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in perspective. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781315891545 - 9781351070645 ; , s. 17-34
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are two series of tricyclic, almost planar aromatic compounds that exhibit very similar physical, chemical, and biological properties. The human exposure to PCDDs and PCDFs by milk consumption is not negligible. Detection levels in ecological and human samples should be orders of magnitude below the usual detection levels obtained in pesticide analyses. One objective of the study is to identify background levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in these samples, especially those of human origin. The spectrum of toxic effects is species dependent but for humans they include chloracne and porphyria cutane tarda and for other animals edema, thymic atrophy, teratogenicity, liver lesions and a slow wasting syndrome followed by death. It is evident that it is of particular importance to identify the ultimate source or sources of the toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs found as background constituents in the environmental and human samples, especially the samples of mother's milk, which are of toxicological interest.
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| 3. |
- Rappe, Christoffer, et al.
(author)
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Preface
- 1986. - 1
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In: Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in perspective. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781315891545 - 9781351070645 ; , s. iii-vii
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This volume was developed from the proceedings of a symposium held in Miami Beach, at the 189th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. It is the result of the combined efforts of many experts whose efforts have advanced our knowledge of the production, analysis, distribution, effects and control of chlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans and related compounds. This is the third in a series of publications originating from current technology presented at national meetings of the American Chemical Society. Using this forum as a catalyst, researchers from all over the world came together to present and discuss their data and plan future work in this rapidly developing and sometimes highly emotional technical area.
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