| 1. |
- Bertran, Ferran Altarriba, et al.
(författare)
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Technology for Situated and Emergent Play : A Bridging Concept and Design Agenda
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings Of The 2020 Chi Conference On Human Factors In Computing Systems (CHI'20). - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450367080
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the capacity of play to spontaneously emerge in our daily life, the scope of application of play design in HCI is generally narrower, specifically targeting areas of pure leisure, or wholly utilitarian and productive play. Here we focus on the value of play design to respond to and support our natural gravitation towards emergent play that helps to meet our social and emotional needs. We present a bridging concept: Technology for Situated and Emergent Play, i.e. technology design that supports playful engagement that emerges interwoven with our everyday activities outside leisure, and that enriches these activities with socio-emotional value. Our intermediate-level contribution has value as a synthesis piece: it weaves together theories of play and play design and bridges them with concrete design examples. As a bridging concept, it contributes: i) theoretical grounding; ii) inspiring design exemplars that illustrate the theory and foreground its value; and iii) design articulations in the form of valuable experiential qualities and design features. Our work can help to focus design agendas for playful technology and inspire future designs in this space.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics in Movement : Shaping and Being Shaped in Human-Drone Interaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: CHI‘20. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450367080
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- How is ethics shaped by the particularities of a design? Through a detailed video analysis, we explore how ethicality is shaped in interaction between a choreographer, a performer and a choir of five drones, performing together on the opera stage. We pinpoint how movements enabled by the human-drone assemblage may limit or liberate artistic expressions vis-à-vis the norms of operatic performance. From a somaesthetics perspective on ethics, we show how the process of crafting rich experiences together with drones can deepen sensory appreciation skills, leading to an increased understanding of underlying somatic drivers and imposed norms. Somatic awareness thereby enables a richer repertoire of movements, expanding the ability to freely choose how to act, and cultivating empathy towards others. This shifts our understanding of ethics in HCI as solely about abstract rules or policies 'out there' to also concern the specifics of how technology informs or dictates movement and experience.
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| 3. |
- Hauser, Sabrina, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing and Evaluating Calmer, a Device for Simulating Maternal Skin-to-Skin Holding for Premature Infants
- 2020
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Ingår i: CHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450367080
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the design and deployment of Calmer, a technology that simulates key aspects of maternal skin-to-skin holding for prematurely born infants: its inspiration, approach, physical design, and introduction into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Maternal skin-to-skin holding can mitigate neonatal pain during medical procedures by as much as 50%, which can improve weight gain, sleep and later development. However, parents cannot always be present, and some infants are too fragile to be held. Interventions targeting this gap could be perceived as supplanting the mother in this intimate role, exposing her to depression and endangering her maternal bond. Over 10 years, we iteratively developed Calmer and demonstrated infant health benefit in a randomized clinical trial. Here, we report and reflect on pursuing this goal in a socially and technologically complex context: constraints, strategies, features, reception of the device, and surprises, such as leading to mothers feeling channeled rather than replaced.
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| 4. |
- Morreale, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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"My Library Has Just Been Obliterated" : Producing New Norms of Use Via Software Update
- 2020
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Ingår i: CHI '20. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450367080
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software updates are commonly perceived as tools for fixing flaws and improving functionality. In this paper, we problematise this view by showing how software updates may also be used by vendors to create new norms of use that control user behaviour and reduce their agency. We explore the nature and aftermath of a controversial software update that was released by Spotify in June 2019. By analysing almost 3,500 reactions to this update, we show how it removed and modified several features in ways that severely affected users' capability to organise, navigate, and maintain their music libraries, while it pushed modes of listening that delegate song selection to Spotify. Elaborating upon our results, we discuss how updates may be used as political tools that privilege certain forms of behaviour while restricting others. We also portray updates as sites where ongoing struggles and negotiations regarding user agency and digital ownership take place.
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| 5. |
- Pääkkönen, Juho, et al.
(författare)
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Bureaucracy as a Lens for Analyzing and Designing Algorithmic Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: CHI '20. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450367080 ; , s. 1-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholarship on algorithms has drawn on the analogy between algorithmic systems and bureaucracies to diagnose shortcomings in algorithmic decision-making. We extend the analogy further by drawing on Michel Crozier's theory of bureaucratic organizations to analyze the relationship between algorithmic and human decision-making power. We present algorithms as analogous to impartial bureaucratic rules for controlling action, and argue that discretionary decision-making power in algorithmic systems accumulates at locations where uncertainty about the operation of algorithms persists. This key point of our essay connects with Alkhatib and Bernstein's theory of 'street-level algorithms', and highlights that the role of human discretion in algorithmic systems is to accommodate uncertain situations which inflexible algorithms cannot handle. We conclude by discussing how the analysis and design of algorithmic systems could seek to identify and cultivate important sources of uncertainty, to enable the human discretionary work that enhances systemic resilience in the face of algorithmic errors.
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| 6. |
- Sanches, Pedro, et al.
(författare)
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Under Surveillance : Technology Practices of those Monitored by the State
- 2020
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 1-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the experiences of those living under state surveillance. We interviewed our participants about how they lived under threat, and how it changed their technology practices. Our participants spanned three groups - journalists who reported from countries where their activities were illegal; activists who took part in civil disobedience, and individuals who worked in illegal activities that would have likely led to prosecution. In our analysis we cover four themes: first, 'the imagined surveillant'. Second, the danger and dependencies of technology use, third, their coping strategies, and lastly how belonging to a group can protect but also expose. In our discussion we cover how we can design for dissidents, and how to deal with the difficult questions this raises. We conclude by advocating for research that takes into account a critical view of the state in HCI and more broadly for an anti-surveillance stance in the design of technologies.
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| 7. |
- Tholander, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Crafting Personal Information - Resistance, Imperfection, and Self-Creation in Bullet Journaling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '20). - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450367080 ; , s. 1-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bullet journals are hand-written and self-created combinations of calendar, journal and planner. Central to this practice is how personal information is managed through a craft-based process. Based on a qualitative study, we discuss a set of themes that emerged in our analysis of this practice. We discuss how open-ended use of various materials for crafting of personal information engages in: 1) deliberate and strategic boundary work of what information to include and how combinations of data provide holistic and novel views of practitioner's life situations; 2) processes of self-creation and reflection on personal life trajectories; 3) appreciation of ourselves and the world around us as imperfect; and 4) ways of resisting the "business-like efficiency" that come with the large quantities of information that permeate contemporary life. We propose that this opens up new directions for thinking about how technologies of personal information may come into play in people's lives.
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| 8. |
- Tuncer, Sylvaine, et al.
(författare)
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E-scooters on the Ground : Lessons for Redesigning Urban Micro-Mobility
- 2020
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Ingår i: CHI '20. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450367080 ; , s. 1-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The worldwide deployment of rental electric scooters has generated new opportunities for urban mobility, but also intensified conflict over public space. This article reports on an ethnographic study of both rental and privately-owned e-scooters, mapping out the main problems and potentials around this new form of 'micro-mobility'. While it suffers from problems of reliability and conflict, user experience is an important part of e-scooters' appeal, an enjoyable way of 'hacking the city'. E-scooters have a hybrid character: weaving through the city, riders can switch between riding as a pedestrian, a car or a bicycle. Building on these results, we discuss how e-scooters, ridesharing services, and their apps could develop further, alongside the role for HCI in re-thinking urban transport and vehicle design.
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| 9. |
- Tuncer, Sylvaine, et al.
(författare)
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On Pause : How Online Instructional Videos are Used to Achieve Practical Tasks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of CHI '20. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450367080 ; , s. 1-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Instructional videos have become an important site of everyday learning. This paper explores how these videos are used to complete practical tasks, analyzing video-recorded interactions between pairs of users. Users need to repeatedly pause their videos to be able to follow the instructions, and we document how pausing is used to coordinate and interweave watching and doing. We describe four purposes and types of pausing: finding task objects, turning to action, keeping up, and fixing problems. Building on these results, we discuss how video players could better support following instructions, and the role of basic user interface functions in complex tasks involving different forms of engagement with the physical world and with screen-based activity.
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| 10. |
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