| 1. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated Algae Cultivation for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Biofuels Production in Industrial Clusters
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012. - 9781622760923 ; 1, s. 684-691
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case study on biofuels production from microalgae cultivated in municipal wastewater in Gothenburg, Sweden. A) Combined biodiesel and biogas production and B) only biogas production, are compared in terms of product outputs, impact on global CO2 emissions reduction and economic performance. Land-use efficiency of biofuels from microalgae was compared with other biofuel production routes. The biofuel production process is assumed to be integrated with a wastewater treatment plant and an industrial cluster, providing the opportunity to reduce the CO2 emissions of the process compared to stand-alone operation.The results show that case A is advantageous in terms of all the studied factors. A higher area efficiency of algae biofuels production routes compared to other biofuel production routes was shown. Nutrient availability in municipal wastewater is shown to be the limiting factor regarding product output. The competitive advantage of co-location with a wastewater treatment plant is clearly shown.
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| 2. |
- Azimoh, Chukwuma Leonard, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging the electrification gap in the sub-Saharan Africa
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4426-4433
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that Africa has enough resources to meet the continent's energy need and beyond. Statistics has it that only about 3.5% of world oil produced is consumed in the continent, whilst at the same time the continent contributes about 12.5% of the total world oil production. Africa also has capabilities for hydro, solar, geothennal. and biomass energy etc. Despite all these, Africa is still lying prostrate in meeting the energy need of its bourgeoning population. Many papers in the power literature have proffered solutions using fossil based energy technology as a panacea for meeting the short fall; others used renewable energy based solutions, but there has been a protracted history of failures. The adduced reasons borders on ineffective policies and business models. This paper therefore investigates the various renewable technologies as well as fossil based energy systems with the interest of identifying reasons for their failures in the past. The paper also reports on various policies on renewable energy in Africa that militates against energy sector development. Taking a holistic view of the cotemporary Africa situation in terms of its energy needs, it is the believe of the authors that, to overcome the energy challenges in Africa, an optimal response strategy that combines grid based and decentralized off-grid small scale renewable systems should be adopted. To this extent, our solution will not only augment with the existing solutions in providing the much needed electricity to the rural/peripheral urban dwellers in Africa, but also alleviate the poverty level through creation of jobs.
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| 3. |
- Björk, Folke, et al.
(författare)
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Energy quality management and low energy architecture
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4558-4564
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper puts forth energy quality management as the stepwise process of taking care of the quality of energy better. Energy quality can also be expressed as exergy, which measures the useful work potential of a given amount or flow of energy. Energy quality management is particularly useful to reduce the primary energy use in the built environment. This is achieved by reducing the heating and cooling demand, making use of passive building techniques, exploiting local renewable sources, and utilizing efficiently non-renewable energy. The application of the Rational Exergy Management Model further indicates how the integration of the building in the broader perspective of the community level is crucial to curb the building-related CO2 emissions. The paper concludes that exergy is a vital aspect for low energy and low CO2 emissions architecture.
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| 4. |
- Crema, L., et al.
(författare)
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Novel m-CHP generation from small scale Concentrated Solar Power
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 735-742
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper describes the realization of a modular 1-3 kWe, 3-9 kWth micro Combined Heat and Power (m-CHP) system based on innovative Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Stirling engine technology. This CSP m-CHP will provide electrical power, heating and cooling for single and multiple domestic dwellings and other small buildings. The cogeneration of energy at distributed level is one of leading argument in large part of energy policies related to renewable energy resources and systems. The actual marketable solar systems for domestic and distributed applications (PV and Solar thermal) suffer of notable limitation: i) the low overall (electrical) efficiency of PV systems create a small collected energy from available space, sometimes restricted in surface to few square meters, ii) the stagnation temperatures on solar thermal collectors actually limiting the diffusion of solar thermal systems, iii) fixed and not retrofittable systems may generate energy in intermittent way not aligned with the auto consumption profile of domestic spaces.
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| 5. |
- Dahlquist, Erik
(författare)
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How to reach a global energy balance with only renewable energy sources
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, vol. 6. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4644-4651
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An overview of population distribution, economy, crop production, forestry and use of energy in the countries of the world is first presented. From this an estimate is made of the present situation and possible potential production of biomass for different geographic and economic zones. This is complemented with potential for wind, solar and hydro power. Next the present use of energy is given and the potential for future new energy technologies for both production of electricity and saving potential for energy in industry, transportation, offices and households. The balance between production and consumption is discussed with the perspective of long term production possibilities without destroying nature. Means to sustain agriculture long term by better use of fertilizers is one aspect discussed and exemplified. Some specific technologies are discussed more in detail like biogas production from house hold waste and crop waste; high temperature gasification of biomass to produce methane in combination with large scale CHP; TPV (Thermo Photo Voltaic) where electricity is produced from biomass at the same time as heating and cooling is implemented for small scale applications. The potential for covering house roofs with solar cells and implement energy efficient buildings and smart grids are other aspects, as well as systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles using biogas as fuel.
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| 6. |
- Danielski, Itai, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of the shape factor on final energy demand in residential buildings in nordic climates
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4260-4264
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The shape factor of a building is the ratio between its envelope area and its volume. Buildings with a higher shape factor have a larger surface area in proportion to their volume, which results in larger heat losses in cold climates. This study analyzes the impact of the shape factor on the final energy demand by using five existing apartment buildings with different values of shape factor. Each building was simulated for twelve different scenarios: three thermal envelope scenarios and four climate zones. The differences in shape factor between the buildings were found to have a large impact and accounted for 10%-20% of their final energy demand. The impact of the shape factor was reduced with warmer climates and ceased with average outdoor temperature 11ºC-14ºC depending on the thermal envelope performance of the buildings.
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| 7. |
- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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E4-Mistra, a research program for the development of an energy efficient low emission exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4530-4536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic - industrial research program, E4 Mistra, to reach the goals of energy efficiency and low emissions exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, on-board hydrogen production for use in both an auxiliary power unit and for NOx reduction and by finding new solutions for making the after-treatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions a mechanical filter using a sintered metal filter is developed. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The system is based on four technological advances: Thermoelectric material s for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using hydrocarbons from the fuel and H2 from a high efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter.
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| 8. |
- Munkhammar, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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A flexible Markov-chain model for simulating demand side management strategies with applications to distributed photovoltaics
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Renewable Energy Forum 2012, Denver, Colorado, USA, May 13-17, 2012. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 1858-1865
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a stochastic model for load shifting was utilized for the purpose of investigating the potential for increased self-consumption of photovoltaic (PV) generation in households. We show the results in terms of power consumption, PV power production and solar fraction from a number of scenarios involving end-user flexibility on the order of a few percent. Simulations are performed on both an individual and an aggregate level. Results indicate that the solar fraction is only improved by a few percent both on an aggregate and individual level even for the most extreme scenarios of load shifting. The lack of substantial increase in solar fraction from imposed flexibility can partly be attributed to complementary energy use; when certain energy-demanding activities are downshifted in probability other activities are up-shifted. Another explanation for the lack of increased solar fraction is the total available fraction of flexible activities at a certain time.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Policy for biomass utilisation in energy and transport systems : The case of biogas in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum(WREF) 2012. Including 41st ASES Annual Conference, 37th National PassiveSolar Conference, 7th Renewable Energy Policy and MarketingConference, World Renewable Energy Congress XII, andColorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. Denver, Colorado, USA13 – 17 May 2012, Volume 1 of 6. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4758-4765
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This interdisciplinary paper explains how biogas policy processes affect energy and transport systems in Stockholm, Sweden. The aim is to discuss future implications of the political biogas agenda, and analyse how municipal organic waste should be utilised to achieve greenhouse gas emission reductions. An energy systems analysis illustrates the environmental impact of biogas production and utilisation, while planning practice and political attitudes are studied in interviews with policy-makers. Conclusions include that demand for biogas as vehicle fuel and the influence of particular actors has led to an extensive political campaign for biogas. However, to maximise emission reductions, Stockholm’s waste should ideally be used to produce electricity, not biogas. With the current narrow system perspective and lack of long-term strategies, increased utilisation of renewable fuels in the transport system may be impeded.
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| 10. |
- Perman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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WREF 2012: Gender, ethnicity and energy use in multi-family houses - Swedish norms in a multi-etnic context
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 1834-1840
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to present data and analysis of an investigation of a renewal project in a big public housing area in a Swedish municipality. The project will combine the creation of at better quality of daily life in the multi- family housing area with the aim to reduce energy consumption. The area is in great need of renewal. We study the interaction between technological and social activities. Our theoretical approach in this study is the concept gendered.
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