| 1. |
- Carlsson, Vanja, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Automated decision-making in the public sector
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 705-715
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The public sector and public administrations are important foundations in democratic states and an autonomous public sector that protects public principles is needed for a political system to be democratically legitimate. Here, efficiency, impartiality, equality, and transparency are central guiding principles and values. The introduction of automated decision-making (ADM) in the public sector affects traditional public principles and values in several ways. For example, transparency is a central challenge as the decisions are implemented by algorithms instead of humans and thus become more difficult to explain for the individual citizen. Also, equality has been put forward both as something that is gained through ADM, and as something that is at risk when ADM is implemented. This chapter provides an overview of the challenges that the implementation of ADM brings to the public sector, including transformations of public sector decisions, the discretion of civil servants, and democratic principles and values.
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| 2. |
- Danielsson, Karin, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Queer eye on AI : binary systems versus fluid identities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of critical studies of artificial intelligence. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 595-606
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is becoming more common to replace or augment human-based decisions with algorithmic calculations and evaluations using artificial intelligence (AI). Facial analysis systems (FA) are examples of how AI in particular is intertwined with both the most mundane and the most critical aspects of human life. Exploring images for the purposes of face detection, recognition and/or classification, FA shows an entanglement between human identity, self-presentation and computation. In this chapter, we discuss automated facial analysis technology from a queer theoretical standpoint, focusing on the concerns and risks when systems like FA are used in a binary way to categorize, measure and make decisions based on computerized assumptions about gender and sexuality. Further, we discuss issues of privacy, bias and fairness related to FA technology as well as potential improvements, for example, by using participatory design. Finally, this chapter suggests that a queer perspective on FA can create new ways to relate to technology.
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| 3. |
- Dippel, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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AI ethnography
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 826-844
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter addresses the conceptual, historical, and theoretical-methodological dimensions of the transdisciplinary research field of AI ethnography. Beyond discussing early and more recent studies that illustrate the possibilities of the relationship between AI and ethnography, the authors also shed light on the contribution of AI ethnography to critical AI studies.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Kalle, 1991-
(författare)
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Ideational tensions in the Swedish automation debate : initial findings
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of critical studies of artificial intelligence. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 670-681
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is wide agreement that the social, political, and economic consequences of artificial intelligence and other automation technologies are contingent on the policies that said technologies are met with. Thus, policymakers can be said to play a crucial role in shaping the automated future. In light of this, the chapter presents some preliminary findings from qualitative interviews with political elites in Sweden regarding their views on automation and its expected implications for the Swedish labor market. The findings show that while the actors describe the topic of automation as uncontroversial, their understandings of the issue are clearly informed by fundamentally different views on the proper role of the state as well as the desirability of recent and expected restructurings of the labor market in the wake of technological developments. By highlighting these differences, the aim of the chapter is to contribute to a necessary politicization of the automation debate.
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| 5. |
- Foka, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Critically assessing AI/ML for cultural heritage : potentials and challenges
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 815-825
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter provides a critical examination of the promise of AI technology with a focus on museums and cultural heritage organisations. We argue that while AI shows great potential for digitalisation, collections management and curation, its implementation is a complex endeavour. First, we discuss artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies with great potential such as computer vision and natural language processing, as well as the implementation of AI for heritage encounters. We then identify a number of challenges in implementing these technologies—namely using technology to address the diversity of human memory and culture that is inherent in cultural heritage collections, but also issues of accessibility and technical know-how. Finally, we envision the future potential of AI for the digitalisation of heritage.
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| 6. |
- Lagerkvist, Amanda, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Bothering the Binaries : Unruly AI Futures of Hauntings and Hope at the Limit
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 80392 855 5 - 978 1 80392 856 2 - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 199-208
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AI is not only a technology but also a powerful story about the latent future present. This narrative assemblage is visible across domains of industry, policy, academia, and debate. Characteristically, it bifurcates into binaries of possibility versus risk, augmentation versus replacement, and so on. This calls for a renewed critique. In this chapter, we argue for the importance of bothering these binaries by re-thinking AI as anticipatory existential media that allows for the unexpected, the impredicative, and the uncanny. Three voices from the continental tradition of philosophy offer possibilities for pluralizing the AI imaginary. Jaspers’ existentiality brings the reality of the vulnerabilities of the present digital limit situation to the fore, requiring response; Derrida’s hauntings allow the past to return as friendly and wise ghosts; and Bloch’s hopefulness challenges the inevitability of the processes at hand. Together, they allow us to reimagine more unruly AI futures in fruitful and urgent ways.
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| 7. |
- Lagerkvist, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Bothering the binaries : unruly AI futures of hauntings and hope at the limit
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 199-208
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AI is not only a technology but also a powerful story about the latent future present. This narrative assemblage is visible across domains of industry, policy, academia, and debate. Characteristically, it bifurcates into binaries of possibility versus risk, augmentation versus replacement, and so on. This calls for a renewed critique. In this chapter, we argue for the importance of bothering these binaries by re-thinking AI as anticipatory existential media that allows for the unexpected, the impredicative, and the uncanny. Three voices from the continental tradition of philosophy offer possibilities for pluralizing the AI imaginary. Jaspers’ existentiality brings the reality of the vulnerabilities of the present digital limit situation to the fore, requiring response; Derrida’s hauntings allow the past to return as friendly and wise ghosts; and Bloch’s hopefulness challenges the inevitability of the processes at hand. Together, they allow us to reimagine more unruly AI futures in fruitful and urgent ways.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Four Facets of AI Transparency
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 445-455
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transparency in artificial intelligence (AI) can mean many things, but at the same time, it is currently a central focus for both scientific and regulatory attention. We seek to critically unpack this conceptual vagueness. This is particularly called for given recent focus on transparency in much of AI policy. To this end, we construct our analysis of AI Transparency into four facets. Firstly, (1) explainability (XAI) has become an expanding field in AI, which we argue needs to be complemented by more explicit focus on the (2) mediation of AI-systems functionality, as a communicated artefact. Furthermore, in the policy discourse on AI, the importance of (3) literacy is underscored. We draw from the rich literacy literature in order to show both promising and troubling consequences of this. Lastly, we unpack transparency as a form of governance, within a (4) legal framework encompassing a structure of trade-offs. By these four facets we aim to bring more clarity to the multifaceted concept of transparency in AI.
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| 9. |
- Lindgren, Simon, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond AI solutionism : toward a multi-disciplinary approach to artificial intelligence in society
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of critical studies of artificial intelligence. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 163-172
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many current discussions appear to see the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) as a given, inevitable development, and share an increasingly implicit belief that AI technologies can solve anything if only we take care of the potential side effects. But AI is not magic, nor is it the solution to all our problems. In this chapter, we draw on the notion of technological solutionism and challenge the common view that AI, if only constructed in the right way, can be a catch-all solution to a range of social problems, from unfair credit checks to racism and sexism. We argue that technological considerations must never dictate the conditions for social life. Addressing these issues adequately needs multi-disciplinary perspectives and particularly such approaches that combine technological expertise with critical social science and humanities analyses.
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| 10. |
- Lindgren, Simon, 1974-
(författare)
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Introducing critical studies of artificial intelligence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of critical studies of artificial intelligence. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781803928555 - 9781803928562 ; , s. 1-19
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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