| 1. |
- Ekman, A., et al.
(författare)
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Designing a process for a monopoly to transform to a free market competitor -the swedish pharmacy system
- 2011
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Ingår i: ICED 11 - 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - Impacting Society Through Engineering Design. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 153-163
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to discuss how a political driven transition of a large company, Apoteket AB in Sweden with 12,000 employees - the pharmacy state monopoly - can be designed and managed to become a free market competitive player. The reregulation process, with a great variety of stakeholders involved, has since 2006 been followed, documented and analyzed. In the domain of pharmacy products and services - essential for health and well-being - a design and innovation process must be handled with care for balancing pharmaceutical and business strategies. The research contribution and expected learning outcome of this paper are to give insights; first on processes and methods for organizational designs and transformation; second to get experience from designing and implementing a management strategy to lead the reregulation to success; and third to get knowledge on how traditional professional roles can be changed and developed by designing a process with clear goals, conscious learning and a communicative strategy. Copyright © 2002-2012 The Design Society. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the social dimension - Towards a knowledge base for product-service innovation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Impacting society through engineering design. - Glasgow : Design Research Society. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 143-152
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extension of businesses to incorporate the provision of function as a service in supplement to standalone products is an ongoing movement in manufacturing industry. In short, this means that the development intent should be guided by the need of ‘performance in use’ that the customer wants, e.g. thrust rather than an engine. By this, the established knowledge base challenges the development team. This paper embarks from the assumption that there are three main challenges, i.e. (1) innovation activities, (2) customer data acquisition and (3) the transformation of data into design information. The purpose is to discuss knowledge sharing activities to contribute to product-service innovation. In this study it has been found that contemporary data acquisition activities filter out important dimensions of knowledge. Thus, does not provide a sound base for service provisions.
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| 3. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Exploit and explore : two ways of categorizing innovation projects
- 2011
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Ingår i: Impacting society through engineering design. - Glasgow : Design Research Society. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 284-293
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation is vital to companies, but also difficult to perform since there are many ways to approach the subject. Typically, a balance between all issues related to innovation is suggested in literature. The empirical study presented in this paper elaborates on two strategies for innovation projects, namely to exploit existing solutions and to explore a market to develop breakthrough solutions. This is done for the purpose to discuss management implications, and thereby also make those transparent for innovation projects. The result indicates that managerial implications for radical innovation projects are to provide internal legitimacy for the projects intentions, to provide for a clear view of balancing aspects by using concepts that fit into opposite ends on a continuum, and to preserve a rich information base about users.
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| 4. |
- Löfqvist, Lars, 1973-
(författare)
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Managing Resource Scarcity in Small Enterprises’ Design Processes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 11): Impacting Society Through Engineering Design. - Glasgow : The Design Society. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 164-175
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small enterprises have scarce resources, which is the main factor hindering their innovation and design of new products. Despite this resource scarcity, some small enterprises do innovate and design new products. The research question is: how do small enterprises manage resource scarcity in their design processes? A multiple case study of three different small enterprises was used to answer the research question. The enterprises implement several approaches to use existing resources more efficiently or increase existing resources, such as reducing formality and including customers and users in the design processes, intertwining design processes, working concurrently on design and operational processes, adopting lead-user inventions, and only starting design processes when a current customer asks for or needs the potential new product. The efficiency of these approaches is found to be explained by common small enterprise characteristics. One conclusion from this study is that resource scarcity can be managed and small enterprises’ specific characteristics can facilitate innovation and design if these are recognized and used as strengths.
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| 5. |
- Sakao, Tomohiko, et al.
(författare)
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Inside a PSS Design Process: Insights through Protocol Analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings Volume DS68-3IMPACTING SOCIETY THROUGH ENGINEERING DESIGN. - Glasgow, Scotland : The Design Society. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 365-376
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product/Service Systems (PSS) has been addressed as an interesting research target in the engineering design community. Yet, an understanding of PSS design processes is scarce. Motivated by this gap, this paper aims to analyze, through a descriptive study, the details of the entire process of a PSS design case, and thus contribute to a better understanding of PSS design processes. To do so, an example of PSS design was conducted by three people working as a group using a modelling scheme called PSS Layer Method. Then, this design episode was analysed through protocol analysis. The results of the analysis include two reasonable hypotheses. First, PSS design follows a general process of problem solving. Second, it begins with need and value for a customer, addresses mainly lifecycle activities for solutions, and ends back with value. In addition, lifecycle activities might be given a central role within PSS design. However, it should be emphasized that the analysis of PSS design needs to be carried out further with more cases in order to create more robust knowledge.
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