| 1. |
- Grosbois, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Land and Freshwater Complex Interactions in Boreal Forests: A Neglected Topic in Forest Management
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159886 - 9783031159879 - 9783031159909 ; 74, s. 719-745
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aquatic and terrestrial habitats are interdependent components of the boreal forest landscape involving multiple dynamic interactions; these are manifested particularly in riparian areas, which are key components in the forest landscape. However, this interdependence between aquatic and terrestrial habitats is not adequately accounted for in the current management of forest ecosystems. Here we review the impacts of land disturbances on the optical and physicochemical properties of water bodies, aquatic food web health, and the ecological functioning of these freshwaters. We also describe how freshwaters influence the adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. A better understanding of these dynamic biotic and abiotic interactions between land and freshwater of the boreal forest is a first step toward including these freshwaters in the sustainable management of the boreal forest.
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| 2. |
- Svensson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Boreal Forest Landscape Restoration in the Face of Extensive Forest Fragmentation and Loss
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031159886 ; , s. 491-510:74, s. 491-510
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical conditions that provide a natural legacy for defining restoration targets are not applicable without adjusting these targets to expected future conditions. Prestoration approaches, defined as restoration that simultaneously considers past, present, and future conditions with a changing climate, are necessary to advance the protection of biodiversity and the provisioning of ecosystem services. Large areas of boreal forest landscapes are transformed and degraded by industrial forestry practices. With largely fragmented and too-small areas of remaining high conservation value forests, protection and preservation are insufficient and must be complemented by active restoration in the managed forest matrix. Successful forest landscape restoration incorporates varied spatiotemporal scales and resolutions to compose restoration routes that best reflect the expected future sustainability challenges as well as planning and governance frameworks.
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| 3. |
- Elbakidze, Marine
(författare)
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Forest Certification in Boreal Forests: Current Developments and Future Directions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : Sustainable Management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; 74:74, s. 533-553
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest certification has expanded rapidly in boreal forests as a means to verify responsible management. It was spearheaded in the early 1990s by civil society organizations concerned about the negative impacts of industrial forestry on biodiversity and the rights of Indigenous and local communities. Certification standards are agreed by multistakeholder groups and outline a set of environmental and social requirements. Forest companies that meet those standards can put a green label on their wood products, thus gaining market recognition for good forest practice. This chapter reviews the particular challenges facing certification in the boreal region and the ongoing debates about how best to address those challenges. It examines differences between certification schemes and variations in requirements across world regions on key issues, such as protecting the rights of Indigenous and local communities and management of woodland caribou. It finds, for example, that the recognition and protection of Indigenous rights are more comprehensive in Canada than in Russia. This highlights the political and dynamic nature of certification as it evolves and adapts to changing social and environmental contexts.
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| 4. |
- Hjelm, Karin
(författare)
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Plantation Forestry, Tree Breeding, and Novel Tools to Support the Sustainable Management of Boreal Forests
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : Sustainable Management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; :74, s. 383-401
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successful stand regeneration is one of the keystone elements of sustainable forest management. It ensures that ecosystems submitted to stand-replacing disturbances return to a forested state so that they can maintain the provision of wood fiber, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem services. This chapter describes how plantation forestry, including tree breeding, and novel tools, such as genomic selection, can support the sustainable management of boreal forests in the face of climate change by, among other benefits, reducing management pressure on natural forests and favoring ecosystem restoration.
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| 5. |
- Hjältén, Joakim
(författare)
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Ecological restoration of boreal forest in Fennoscandia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : Sustainable Management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; :74, s. 467-489
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixed-severity disturbances have historically shaped boreal forests, creating a dynamic mosaic landscape. In Fennoscandia, however, intensive even-aged forest management has simplified the forest landscape, threatening biodiversity. To safeguard this biodiversity, we therefore need to restore structural complexity in hitherto managed forests. Knowledge generated from relevant case studies on natural disturbance emulation–based ecological restoration suggests that prescribed burning positively affects many early-successional organisms. Gap cutting benefits some insects and wood fungi but has a limited effect on birds, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Restoration of deciduous forests appears to benefit light- and deciduous tree–associated insect species and some forest birds.
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| 6. |
- Hof, Anouschka, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Ecosystem Services in Boreal Forests
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : sustainable management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; :74, s. 613-636
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing effects of climate change, a rapid development of effective approaches and tools are needed to maintain forest biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The response, or lack thereof, of forest managers to climate change and its impacts on ecosystem services will have broad ramifications. Here we give an overview of approaches used to predict impacts of climate change and management scenarios for a range of ecosystem services provided by the boreal forest, including timber supply, carbon sequestration, bioenergy provision, and habitat for wildlife and biodiversity. We provide examples of research in the field and summarize the outstanding challenges.
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| 7. |
- Hämäläinen, Aino, et al.
(författare)
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Living Trees and Biodiversity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : Sustainable Management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; :74, s. 145-166
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Living trees are fundamental for boreal forest biodiversity. They contribute to stand structural diversity, which determines the range of habitat niches available for forest-dwelling species. Specific characteristics of living trees, such as species, age, and presence of microhabitats, determine how species utilize trees for food, as nesting places, or as growing substrates. This chapter explores the associations between living trees and aboveground biodiversity, reviews the factors such as soil productivity, hydrological regime, stand successional stage, and forestry activities that influence the characteristics of living trees and stand structural diversity, and presents the consequences of current and future climate change on boreal biodiversity.
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| 8. |
- Lidestav, Gun
(författare)
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Gender and the Imaginary of Forestry in Boreal Ecosystems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : Sustainable Management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; 74:74, s. 555-574
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we examine forestry work in two boreal regions—Canada and Sweden—where gender mainstreaming has long been established in government policy. Despite having policies that support gender equality in both countries, the roles, opportunities, remuneration, and expectations of women and men engaged in forestry work are highly differentiated by gender. We explain this discrepancy by considering the way in which forestry work has been and continues to be imagined. The narrow interpretation of forestry as “tree cutting” has reduced the visibility of women and continues to narrow the range of activities deemed valuable to the forestry sector. By asking questions about how forestry has been imagined, we seek to catalyze fresh thinking about the nature of forestry work and the capacity of the forest industry in both countries to adapt to climate change.
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| 9. |
- Löf, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Silviculture of Mixed-Species and Structurally Complex Boreal Stands
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : Sustainable Management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; 74:74, s. 403-416
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding structurally complex boreal stands is crucial for designing ecosystem management strategies that promote forest resilience under global change. However, current management practices lead to the homogenization and simplification of forest structures in the boreal biome. In this chapter, we illustrate two options for managing productive and resilient forests: (1) the managing of two-aged mixed-species forests; and (2) the managing of multi-aged, structurally complex stands. Results demonstrate that multi-aged and mixed stand management are powerful silvicultural tools to promote the resilience of boreal forests under global change.
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| 10. |
- Löfroth, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Deadwood Biodiversity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : Sustainable Management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; :74, s. 167-189
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deadwood is a key component for biodiversity and ecosystem services in boreal forests; however, the abundance of this critical element is declining worldwide. In natural forests, deadwood is produced by tree death due to physical disturbances, senescence, or pathogens. Timber harvesting, fire suppression, and salvage logging reduce deadwood abundance and diversity, and climate change is expected to bring further modifications. Although the effects of these changes are not yet fully understood, restoring a continuous supply of deadwood in boreal forest ecosystems is vital to reverse the negative trends in species richness and distribution. Increasing the availability of deadwood offers a path to building resilient forest ecosystems for the future.
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