| 1. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Changes to the Quantitative Status of Groundwater and the Water Supply
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 561-567
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global change will change the quantity and quality of groundwater resources and subsequently the prerequisites for the supply of safe drinking water. Quite often, attempts are made to simply express the status of groundwater resources by stating changes in groundwater level or concentrations. However, such results require further interpretation by experts before they can be used in decision making. This chapter presents the approach chosen in GLOWA-Danube to translate the results of model simulations of groundwater head, groundwater recharge and river discharge into an index that expresses the status of groundwater resources in one single value. This index, called a “flag”, is used by the socioeconomic Actor models in DANUBIA as a basis for decision making. Here we describe the principle approach to generating flags from model results and how they are used in the decision process. Maps showing the results of flag calculations are shown for different climatic and societal scenarios.
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| 2. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the Change in Groundwater Quality Resulting from Changes to Land Use and Groundwater Recharge
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - New York : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 601-607
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global change will change the quantity and quality of groundwater resources and subsequently the prerequisites for the supply of safe drinking water. Quite often, attempts are made to simply express the status of groundwater resources by stating changes in groundwater level or concentrations. However, such results require further interpretation by experts before they can be used in decision making. This chapter presents the approach chosen in GLOWA-Danube to translate the results of model simulations of land use changes calculated by the agricultural model Farming into an index that expresses the changes of the quality status of groundwater resources in one single value. The chosen approach is based on the intrinsic groundwater vulnerability index (DRASTIC) and a predefined typical pollution load associated with different land uses. This chapter describes the methodology chosen and the main assumption underlying the approach. Results are shown for selected districts of the UDC for a variety of climatic and societal scenarios.
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| 3. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Extraction of Water for Public Drinking Water Supply
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - New York : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 165-170
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The supply of drinking water in the Upper Danube drainage basin is generally a municipal responsibility and based almost exclusively on extraction from ground- and spring water sources. This section presents maps showing an overview of the quantities extracted and regional variations. Extraction depends both on the water yield, which may be constrained by local hydrogeological conditions, and on consumption, which is mainly a result of population density. The map shows the aggregated quantities of water extracted from ground-, spring and surface water sources in the communities and the points of drinking water withdrawal within the drainage basin for the year 1998. This information is used by the WaterSupply model, which provides the connection between water availability (Groundwater and Rivernetwork models) and water demand (actor models) within DANUBIA. This chapter describes the data sources and the processing steps taken in preparation of the presented map. Limitations and sources of uncertainty are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater Contour Maps for the Alluvial Aquifers of the Upper Danube Basin
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 207-213
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Groundwater is the most important source of drinking water in the Upper Danube drainage basin. More than 90 % of drinking water is extracted from wells in shallow quaternary aquifers. The study of the effects of global change on groundwater storage in these aquifers is thus an important step in the attempt to simulate the impact of global change on water resources and water supply. This chapter describes the development of a continuous groundwater table contour map of the uppermost quaternary aquifer in the Upper Danube catchment. These maps show the elevation of the groundwater level above sea level and provide important information needed to assess groundwater movement and boundary conditions. Here we describe the process of collecting base data in various forms from a large variety of sources and the approaches chosen to homogenize and interpolate the data to create the maps presented. The manner in which the resulting datasets are used to conceptualize the groundwater flow model used in DANUBIA is presented.
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| 5. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogeology – A Consistent Basin-Wide Representation of the Major Aquifers in the Upper Danube Basin
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - New York : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 125-131
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modelling the changes of groundwater resources under conditions of global change is a crucial task in the UDC, where groundwater forms the main source of drinking water. The first step in the development of a numerical modelling of groundwater flow and storage changes is to develop a conceptual hydrogeological model that adequately represents the relevant geological and hydrological features of the model area. The large area of the UDC and the coarse resolution of the common DANUBIA model thereby demand strict simplification of the actual hydrogeological conditions. A central decision in this conceptualisation process is the definition of the major regional hydrogeological units to be considered by the model. This chapter describes the process of data collection, data homogenisation and aggregation into ten main hydrogeological units, called “base classes”. The properties and the relevance of these base classes for the numerical model are explained. The most important simplifications made are briefly discussed.
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| 6. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the Effects of Global Change on Drinking Water Supply: The DeepWaterSupply Decision Model
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 221-227
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The DeepWaterSupply model described in this chapter presents an extension of the preliminary base version of the WaterSupply model presented in Chap. 27. It is based on the DeepActor approach presented in Chap. 3. Whereas the preliminary model strategy (see Chap. 27) is based on a fixed assignment of extraction sites (supply) and communities (demand) to each water supply company (WSC) and on a fixed maximum withdrawal, the DeepWaterSupply extension allows a dynamic, context-specific adaptation of the infrastructure or a flexible use of resources. The Actors in this deep model are the water supply companies (WSC), who have the main goal to guarantee supply to all connected users. The WSC observe demand and supply. In case the demand exceeds the supply, the WSC takes actions, i.e. it chooses from predefined plans. Whether or not a plan is feasible and how it is performed depends on a variety of dynamic and static variables, including, for example, the status of the groundwater resources. This chapter describes the main components of the DeepWaterSupply model and the typical workflows of decision making. The most decisive factors influencing a WSCs decision to perform certain plans and actions are explained. Results are shown for different climatic and societal scenarios.
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| 7. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Total Extraction and Total Water Supply per Community
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 215-220
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter describes a preliminary base version of the WaterSupply model which does not have the full functionality of the model version that was finally implemented in DANUBIA. In particular, it does not make full use of the actor concept to simulate human decisions. However, as this preliminary version still forms an essential base module of the later extended model version, it is recommended to read this chapter to get a better understanding of water supply modelling in DANUBIA. This chapter presents the fundamental steps that were taken to conceptualise and implement this base version of WaterSupply and explains its main purpose and the interaction with the other models within the DANUBIA system. Four maps exemplarily show selected results of the model which are related to the extraction of raw water and the distribution and consumption of drinking water. The main map shows extraction and consumption aggregated on a community (municipality) level.
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| 8. |
- Ernst, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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DeepActor Models in DANUBIA
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 29-36
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter describes the representation of decision processes of socio-economic actors by means of actor models, which is one distinctive feature of DANUBIA. An actor model (also called an agent model) describes socio-economic processes as the sum of the individual actions taken by a range of different actors. The DeepActor framework provides a basis for modelling and implementing the socio-economic DANUBIA models. Decision makers, such as individuals, organisations or businesses, are modelled as “actors”. Each actor is localised within his physical and social environment (a proxel or a social network) and takes decisions as responses to his observations about which action to execute from a range of possible action options. Actors have various preferences and action options, represented by customised plans and decision procedures that are specific to each actor type. Further, actors have a “memory” (history) for recalling previous decisions. One special feature of DANUBIA is the coupling of physically based scientific models with socio-economic components. It is described how the transformation from quantitative states in nature to qualitative notifications for the actor model is realised using the flag concept.
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| 9. |
- Römer, Thorben, et al.
(författare)
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Data on Quantity and Quality of Groundwater
- 2016
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Ingår i: Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319167503 ; , s. 177-184
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water supply in the Upper Danube catchment (UDC) is mainly based on groundwater. The development of models to adequately describe the quantity and quality of groundwater resources and to simulate the impact of global change requires a good understanding and conceptual representation of the regional hydrogeological conditions. Observation data is needed to evaluate the validity of the model results by comparing measured and simulated values for distinct locations. Thus, the comprehensive collection and analysis of groundwater monitoring data is an essential prerequisite for reaching the objectives of GLOWA-Danube. This chapter describes the data sources used to establish the conceptual hydrogeological model and gives an overview of the quantity and spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater monitoring data. It is shown that the focus of observations on shallow quaternary groundwater aquifers and the temporally and spatially sparse groundwater quality monitoring presents a great challenge to understanding the past and present behaviour of groundwater resources in the UDC and thus a challenge to simulate the future behaviour under conditions of global change.
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