| 1. |
- Magyar, Donat, et al.
(författare)
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Dispersal Strategies of Microfungi
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biology of Microfungi. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783319291376 - 9783319291352 ; , s. 315-371
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successful and efficient dispersal of fungi is crucial to the survival of the fungi, balance of ecosystems, and stability of biodiversities. Dispersal strategies of microfungi and other fungi are reviewed in detail based on the literature published in the last four decades. It covers the latest development of research on the dispersal process: liberation, transporation, deposition, resuspension, and survival of fungal spores and other propagules from microscale to macroscale. The characters of dispersal strategies of fungi from different habitats are elucidated. The fungal habitats include litter, soil, plants, insects, other animals, aquatic and marine environments, etc. For each strategy, the associated mechanisms are discussed for their ecological significance. The significance of the new technology used in the recent studies on dispersal strategies is presented. At the same time, current and future applications of dispersal strategies of microfungi are discussed in the chapter.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular techniques in mycological studies and sequence data curating: quality control and challenges
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biology of Microfungi. - Switzerland : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319291352 ; , s. 47-64
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular (DNA sequence) data are a routine source of information in mycology. Environmental sequencing efforts of substrates, such as soil, wood, and air, have revealed vast numbers of previously unknown or poorly understood species, and their integration in the classification system of fungi and the fungal tree of life represent significant challenges. Underpinning such efforts are reference datasets of reliable sequences to which newly generated sequences can be compared for taxonomic affiliation and perhaps hints of species traits and ecological roles. The public sequence databases are however accumulating countless sequences that are compromised in terms of taxonomic annotation or technical quality. Metadata on, e.g., country or host of collection and any specimen/culture association are similarly lacking for the majority of entries. This invites further mistakes and reduces scientific explanatory power. This chapter discusses how to spot compromised sequences and what to do when they are found. These curation principles are implemented in the fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence database UNITE (http://unite.ut.ee) for molecular identification of fungi. UNITE supports web-based third-party sequence annotation, and the reader is invited to take part in the annotation effort.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Zheng, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Future perspectives and challenges of fungal systematics in the age of big data
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biology of Microfungi. - Switzerland : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319291352 ; , s. 25-46
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycological research, especially research on fungal evolution and ecology, requires a robust and detailed fungal classification and phylogeny to facilitate efficient and informative communication among mycologists as well as for comparative biology relevant to the larger bioscience community. The field of fungal systematics has undergone numerous revisions recently, from early morphological classifications to an integrative taxonomy that is increasingly reliant on molecular phylogeny. These revisions have taken place at a range of taxonomic ranks, fueled by advances surmounting two major challenges, namely, adequate and balanced sampling of genetic markers and taxa and reinterpretation of phylogenetic informativeness of numerous morphological and ecological characters. The Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFTOL) projects reflected a corresponding surge of collaborative effort in fungal molecular phylogeny using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Here we review recent progress in fungal systematics after AFTOL, in the post-Sanger age, and discuss the future fungal systematics that is emerging as a result of the extraordinary volume of data being gathered by high-throughput sequencing. We examine how environmental DNA surveys, sequence-based classification, and phylogenomics and phylotranscriptomics can impact fungal systematics and point out that sequenced fungal genomes could significantly improve multi-marker phylogenetic inference at a range of levels of fungal systematics by facilitating application of phylogenetically informative experimental design. We argue that it is time to integrate fungal systematics, genome-enabled mycology, and other dimensions of fungal research within the framework of evolutionary biology.
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