| 1. |
- Alexius, Susanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Constitutional Hybridity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Managing Hybrid Organizations. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954851 - 9783319954868 ; , s. 1-25
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid organizations are topical in contemporary society, and literature in this area is growing. One neglected dimension is, however, empirically based theorizations of management and governance in hybrid organizations. Moreover, the literature tends to be based on observations of “new” forms of hybrid organizations, often referred to as social enterprises. We argue that if we want to learn about what managing hybrid organizations means, it is important to compare different types of hybrids and also to compare hybrids with as long history with those established relatively recently. Based on earlier literature, hybrid organizations are discussed as placed in contexts of institutional pluralism, at the cross-roads between institutional orders and institutional logics. Special focus is placed on exploration and comparison of what is defined here as constitutional hybrid organizations, thus hybrid organizations founded with the explicit purpose of fulfilling their mission by integrating either different institutional orders such as the market, the public sector and civil society or structural traits from the logics of different ideal-typical organizations such as the business corporation, the public agency and the association. We argue that multivocality is a concept that can explain why some hybrid organizations manage to remain hybrids over time while others face de-hybridization. A common analytical frame for the volume is developed, where six dimensions of hybridity are defined (institutional order, logics of organizational forms, ownership structures, purpose, main stakeholders and main sources of funding). The aim of this chapter is to introduce why it is timely to theorize on management and governance in hybrid organizations, to develop the theoretical frame for the book, and to introduce the explorative multidisciplinary approach behind the book and the selection of cases. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the chapters to come.
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| 2. |
- Alexius, Susanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid Challenges in Times of Changing Institutional Conditions : The Rise and Fall of The Natural Step as a Multivocal Bridge Builder
- 2019
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Ingår i: Managing Hybrid Organizations. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954851 - 9783319954868 ; , s. 267-285
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter reports on a life story of a hybrid organization, The Natural Step (TNS), that was founded in order to foster sustainability in society as a necessary philosophy for saving the planet. The organization was established as a hybrid that blended the logics of science, activism and consulting. Staying in this position was, however, not without challenge. The chapter contributes to discussions on management in hybrid organizations by highlighting when and why hybrids face particular challenges and how managers may struggle to deal with them. Over time, TNS gradually became de-hybridized into a management consultancy. The chapter concludes with a section on dilemmas faced by hybrid managers in cultivating and maintaining a hybrid identity over longer periods of time.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1961-
(författare)
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A Legislator’s Inability to Legislate Different Species : A Swedish Case Study Concerning Mutual Insurance Companies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Managing Hybrid Organizations. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954851 - 9783319954868 ; , s. 305-320
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter aims to contribute by focusing on legislation for the Swedish insurance industry in general and mutual insurance companies in particular. The Swedish legislation concerning insurance companies is twofold. The purpose of the case study is to investigate whether and, if so, to what extent the legislation differs as regards the regulation of different insurance companies and to what extent this regulatory discrepancy creates unwanted transaction costs and a divided level playing field for mutual insurance companies. Furthermore, this chapter aims to offer a short note on the idea of whether an alternative legislative scenario including a “separate law regime” and/or a “choice of law regime” could possibly benefit mutual insurance companies.
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| 4. |
- Besher, Alexander R., et al.
(författare)
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New International Rules for Corporate Governance and the Roles of Management and Boards of Directors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Managing hybrid organizations. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954851 - 9783319954868 ; , s. 321-332
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this chapter is to examine how different insurance companies have adopted and interpreted Sweden’s transposition of European Union (EU) directive Solvency II, launched in 2016, with regard to the directive’s corporate governance rules in their own organizations. Solvency II is aimed at protecting the policyholders, that is, insurance consumers as well as to stabilize the insurance market. The chapter concerns Solvency II’s section on corporate governance, that is, Articles 40–50 with special focus on Article 40. This Article sets out that each member state of the EU shall ensure that the administrative, management, or supervisory body of the insurance company (mutuals included) has the ultimate responsibility for the compliance with the laws, regulations, and administrative provisions adopted pursuant to the directive. However, Solvency II does not dictate how it should be transposed. Rather, each member state translates Article 40 in accordance to the state’s current corporate governance system. This means that there are contravening conceptions within the insurance industry on how the Article should be transposed and what consequences it will bring to the roles of management and boards and division of workload between these roles in mutual enterprises.
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| 5. |
- Einarsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Governance Implications from a Re-Hybridizing Agricultural Co-Operative
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Managing hybrid organizations: Governance, professionalism and regulation. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954868 - 9783319954851 ; , s. 215-241
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Co-operatives are constitutional hybrids where the hybridity is laid down in structural components such as rules and regulations and is visible in ownership arrangements and organizational mission. We seek to advance the current scholarly debate on organizational governance by applying a structural and processual analytical framework on empirical data consisting of interviews with members and elected officials in a sizeable Swedish forestry co-operative.We argue that market imperatives of economies of scale in the agricultural industry have led to increasingly larger farms and also to increasingly larger and more centralized agricultural businesses. This has in turn diminished the number of members which are to govern the businesses in these co-operatives, and also increased the size and complexity of the governance task. We will thus argue that this development indicates an ongoing re-balancing of the hybrid character of the co-operative studied, with clear governance implications.
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| 6. |
- Furusten, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Hybrid Organizations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Managing Hybrid Organizations. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954851 - 9783319954868 ; , s. 333-360
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this final chapter, we summarize and develop core findings that are illustrated with examples from the empirical case studies of the volume. Three common dilemmas in managing hybrid organization are identified: (1) financing a social mission and the risk of mission drift, (2) overlap in the roles of key stakeholders and the risk of empty governance structures and (3) modernizing a hybrid while cherishing the constitutional hybrid legacy. We argue that organizations that manage to remain hybrids in times of changed institutional conditions have established multivocality, a state where different categories of stakeholders are involved in shared, although sometimes parallel, conversations. The chapter concludes that a state of multivocal conversations can be strengthened by managerial and governance skills in improvisations and versatility.
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| 7. |
- Fyrberg Yngfalk, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Hybridity as Fluid Identity in the Organization of Associations
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Managing Hybrid Organizations. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954868 - 9783319954851 ; , s. 109-128
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter addresses the issue of hybridity in non-profit organizations formally run as non-profit associations (NPA) and the case of Swedish FriskisXX1Svettis. It does so by examining and discussing how organizational legitimacy is managed under what is commonly referred to as “marketization”. In contradiction to previous research, we show how the hybrid position of the NPA in the market not only enacts a struggle upon the organization but also leads to a flexibility that is actively utilized in the management of organizational identity and legitimacy. In so doing, the chapter draws attention to two key organizational strategies that help to explain how FriskisXX1Svettis is able to utilize its hybridity in order to maintain legitimacy in the market: adaptation and activation, which creates a fluidness in which the organization is able to maintain and incorporate multiple organizational identities.
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| 8. |
- Grossi, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Logics and Practices of Board Appointments in Hybrid Organizations : The Case of Swedish State-Owned Enterprises
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Managing hybrid organizations: Governance, professionalism and regulation. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954868 - 9783319954851 ; , s. 157-178
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter offers insights into the governance of Swedish state-owned enterprises performed by civil servants in cooperation with the minister and state secretary in the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation. The authors take particular interest in the practices and thinking of the few but powerful civil servants who work with board appointment. A closer look into the daily practices shows us that negotiating and aligning the political and the commercial logics at stake is described as key to the board appointment. These processes are, in turn, based on conditioned trust between civil servants and politicians.
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| 9. |
- Gustavsson, Martin, 1966-
(författare)
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Revenue Diversification in Different Institutional Environments : Financing and Governing the Swedish Art Promotion Movement, 1947–2017
- 2019
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Ingår i: Managing Hybrid Organizations. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954851 - 9783319954868 ; , s. 287-304
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One conclusion in this chapter about the People’s Movements for Art Promotion (Folkrörelsernas Konstfrämjande, FKF), a non-profit organization with many ties to the Swedish popular movements (folkrörelser) and the social democratic state, is that the historical-economic-political context determined when employing a business logic to generate resources became a problem. Using a business logic was not a problem per se but becoming dependent upon it was. FKF was in need of supplementary sources of income in the form of government grants and membership fees, a diversification strategy that worked excellently during the years 1947–1975—coinciding with the success of Fordist capitalism and of intensified social democratic welfare reforms—but ceased to function when society became marketized during the post-Fordist era 1975–2015. Another conclusion is that FKF was de-hybridized due to pressure from the environment in the late twentieth century.
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| 10. |
- Junker, Sven-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Variations and dynamics of hybridity in different types of hybrid organizations
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Managing hybrid organizations: Governance, professionalism and regulation. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954868 - 9783319954851 ; , s. 27-48
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates characteristics of three types of hybrid organizations—business cooperatives, mutual companies and state-owned enterprises—and explores to what extent hybrid organizations’ original social mission still guides their respective affairs. The study is based on various types of data, and the overall approach is qualitative and explorative. It finds that organizational legacy plays an important role in managerial texts communicated by hybrid organizations in response to expectations on social responsibility. Legacy seems to be of particular strategic importance for business cooperatives and mutual companies when organizational, justifying their position as ‘different’ to ordinary corporations. State-owned enterprises seem to be less dependent on legacy for building legitimacy. The political order forces these hybrids to adopt new goals in line with current governmental goals and hence be more forward-looking like ordinary limited corporations.
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