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- Andersson, Åke E.
(författare)
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Economics of creativity
- 2009
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Ingår i: New directions in regional economic development. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783642010163 ; , s. 79-95
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of us have got an education adapted to the demands for specialized labor emanating in industry or public administration. Most of the jobs have been decided according to the basic principle of division of labour, generating productivity of the work. According to this principle the worker should be specialized to perform certain highly specialized tasks without any greater space for improvisation or change of work routines. Adam Smith (1776, 1904) argued strongly in favour of a far-going division of labor (or specialization of the workforce) as a way of achieving growth of productivity. However, Adam Smith clearly saw the potential conflict between creativity and productivity by division of labor and specialization of the work force: In the progress of the division of labor, the employment of the far greater part of those who live by labor, that is, of the great body of the people, comes to be confined to a few very simple operations; frequently to one or two. But the understandings of the greater part of man are necessarily formed by their ordinary employments. The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations, of which the effects to are, perhaps, always the same, or very nearly the same, has no occasion to exert his understanding, or to exercise his invention in finding out expedience for removing difficulties which never occur. He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become. (Wealth of Nations, II)
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation, Dynamic Regions and Regional Dynamics
- 2009
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Ingår i: New Directions in Regional Economic Development. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783642010163 ; , s. 1-33
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses the aspects of spatial economics that deals with innovation, regional specialization and dynamic systems of functional regions and in particular the contributions made by the economist Börje Johansson. The innovation aspect consists of innovation networks, knowledge sources and knowledge sinks, cost and innovation of product characteristics and innovation at the industry and sector level. In the regional specialization part the infrastructure, regional economic milieus, the specialization of regions and specific the specialization in small and large regions, spatial transaction costs, and endogenous specialization are subjects that are being treated. Regional dynamics consists of location dynamics in a system of functional urban regions where different theories are being discussed as the spatial product life cycle theory and filtering-down theory. The last part does also take up lead-lag models.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation, dynamic regions and regional dynamics : An introduction
- 2009
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Ingår i: New directions in regional economic development. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783642010163 ; , s. 1-33
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of economic theory after World War II has focused on clarifying the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an idealized general equilibrium. Debreu (1956), Arrow and Hahn (1971), and Scarf and Hansen (1973) established these conditions, building on earlier attempts by Cassel (1917) and Wald (1933–34, 1934–35). A key assumption in the formulation and proofs of the existence of a general equilibrium of a competitive economy is a large (or even infinite) number of buyers and sellers (Aumann 1964), which ensures anonymous markets and mutual independence of agents. Another assumption is the convexity of preference and production technology sets (Uzawa 1962). A third assumption is flexible pricing of goods and production factors.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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- 2009
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Ingår i: New Directions in Regional Economic Development. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783642010163 ; , s. 267-290
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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