| 1. |
- Dussauge, Isabelle, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Instruments of Surveillance Welfare : Computerizing Unemployment and Health in 1960s and 1970s Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: History of Nordic Computing 3. - Berlin, Germany : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642233159 - 9783642233142 - 9783642270192 ; , s. 56-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The object of this paper is the role of computerization in the establishment of a specific form of “surveillance welfare” after World War II. Was computerization used as a technology of mass-welfaring to produce a governable population in the frame of an expanding welfare state? Large-scale welfare practices such as health screenings and databasing of the unemployed seem to have a common purpose: making the population into a governable, partially self-regulating, collective body–a welfare body. The paper analyzes the use of computers in the implementation of regional health screenings in the 1960s and the 1970s and in the transformation of (un)employment procedures in the 1970s as two sites for the exercise of state control in post-WWII Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Dussauge, Isabelle, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Precursors of the IT Nation : Computer use and control in swedish society, 1955–1985
- 2011
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Ingår i: 3rd IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on History of Nordic Computing, HiNC 2010. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9783642233142 - 9783642233159 - 9783642270192 ; , s. 425-432, s. 425-432
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a presentation of a research project that aims at writing the history of computing in Sweden in the mainframe age from a user perspective. Rather than beginning with the history of hardware, this project takes as its point of departure the way in which actors in different sectors of society used computer technology in order to achieve a higher degree of control over crucial processes, whether through electronic data processing systems, process control or technical/scientific computation.
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| 3. |
- Kajbjer, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic Health Records in Sweden : From Administrative Management to Clinical Decision Support
- 2011
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Ingår i: History Of Nordic Computing 3. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642233142 - 9783642233159 ; , s. 74-82
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer support for health care started in Sweden in the mid-1960s, with a series of pilot tests using clinical records at the Karolinska Hospital. This had very little impact in health care due to its limited volume and scope. In addition, the first automation of chemistry laboratories that created many benefits in the form of increased efficiency from the early 1970s, rapid results delivery and the possibilities of quality control also occurred in the mid-1960s. The 1970s and first part of the 1980s saw the independent development of several patient administration systems, based on central mainframes in the counties, as well as a large number of dumb terminals in the hospitals and later also in the outpatient clinics. From the early 1990s, we saw an explosion of primary care electronic health records with twenty-seven different products in 1995.
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| 4. |
- Klein, Gunnar O., 1953-
(författare)
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History of Electronic Prescriptions in Sweden : From Time-Sharing Systems via Smartcards to EDI
- 2011
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Ingår i: History Of Nordic Computing 3. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642233142 - 9783642233159 ; , s. 65-73
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Managing prescriptions for medication, using ICT support, started in the 1970s with the computerization of the pharmacy branch offices where local systems registered handwritten prescriptions and to print labels. In 1984, the first online prescribing started with physicians connected to their local pharmacy system in a pilot test. Then in 1987, the first pilot test started with an off-line system in which PC-based prescriber support systems transferred data to patient-held smart cards that were taken to the pharmacy. In the 1990s, we had the first use of messaging using EDIFACT syntax for prescriptions. These had a relatively small volume until 2000, when an XML version of a European standard based on object-oriented modeling became popular and made electronic prescribing the normal practice, which meant important quality gains.
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| 5. |
- Bubenko, Janis A.
(författare)
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SISU : The Swedish Institute for Systems Development
- 2011
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Ingår i: History of nordic computing 3. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642233159 ; , s. 360-367
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research institute SISU aimed at supporting the public sector as well as Sweden's business and industry in introducing modern methods and tools when developing information systems within their organizations. SISU was founded in 1984 by support from twenty-four companies and organizations and the Swedish Board for Technical Development (STU). In its peak period around 1993, SISU had forty employees and a turnover of 35 million Swedish crowns. The institute carried out a large number of national as well collaborative, EU-supported projects. One result of the projects was the forming of innovative Swedish companies and development of IT-products. SISU was discontinued in the year 2000 primarily due to lack of financial support.
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| 6. |
- Gribbe, Johan
(författare)
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Controlling the Battlefield : Computing and Operational Command in the Swedish Armed Forces, 1966-1989
- 2011
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Ingår i: History of nordic computing 3. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642233159 ; , s. 22-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the late 1960s, the Swedish Defence Staff initiated the development of a computerized command and control system that was later to be known as the LEO-system. From the mid-1970s to 1989, more than two hundred million SEK were spent on the project, which involved private computer consultants and with military staff officers acting as project leaders and customers. In the end, however, only the intelligence application was introduced and put into operational use in the Swedish intelligence service during the 1990s. This paper will tell the story of the LEO-system and outline some of the reasons behind its failure. It is based on a witness seminar held at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in Stockholm on January 15, 2008.
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| 7. |
- Haftor, Darek, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Provincial Designer Design : A Creative Mix of Hard Restrictions and Soft Visions of an Information Systems Educational Program
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: History of Nordic Computing 3. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783642233142 ; 350, s. 399-408
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a brief historical account of the unorthodox design of an educational program for information systems development. The design and development of this program was initiated in 1977 at the University College of Östersund, today the Mid Sweden University. The presented account provides a description of the somewhat unusual context of this initiative, which was regarded as a weakness by conventional standards, but became an opportunity in this particular situation. The intellectual inspirations and sources for the design of this program are characterized and followed by a presentation of the very content and operating mode of the educational program. The final part presents the various outcomes that the program gave rise to, in terms of students’ professional careers observed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kaijser, Arne
(författare)
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The Use of Computers for Controlling Electricity Flows in Sweden, 1950-1980
- 2011. - 3
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Ingår i: History of Nordic Computing 3. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642233142 ; , s. 28-34
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important application of computers from the 1950s and onwards has been for designing and operating complex infrastructural systems like air traffic, telephony, railways, and electricity. This paper tells the story about how computers from the 1950s and onwards became an important tool for designing and operating the Swedish power grid. It describes two phases of this development. In the 1950s and 1960s, computers were used for making complicated calculations for designing power grids in a reliable way and optimizing the use of the different power plants. In a second phase starting in the late 1960s, computer systems were developed for real time monitoring supporting human control of the power grid. The paper analyzes by whom and for what purposes computers became tools for controlling electricity flows. In the conclusion, it also discusses the wider implications of computers for the development of the Swedish power system.
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| 10. |
- Lundin, Per
(författare)
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Designing Democracy : The UTOPIA-Project and the Role of the Nordic Labor Movement in Technological Change during the 1970s and 1980s
- 2011
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Ingår i: History of nordic computing 3. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642233159 ; , s. 187-195
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using the UTOPIA-project as an example, this paper highlights the role of the Nordic labor movement in technological change and underlines that there are different incentives for technological change. While corporations developing technology usually pursued increased efficiency in production, the UTOPIA-project aimed at other, alternative goals such as translating social values regarding job skills, quality of work, and quality of products into new computer hardware and software for the graphic industries. In the larger context, the UTOPIA-project can be seen as an attempt by the labor movement to revitalize and realize the old dream of industrial democracy by designing computing technology.
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