| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
A social sustainability perspective on an environmental intervention to reduce ship emissions
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Creating Sustainable Work-environments. - 9788299574754 ; , s. A4-12-A4-15
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports a case study examining the effects on the shipboard work environment of an operative decision to change fuel oil type on two Swedish passenger vessels operating in the Baltic Sea. The results show positive changes in work tasks, reduced exposure to harmful pollutants evaporating from the fuel, reduced use of chemicals for cleaning, and a generally cleaner work environment. The outcome illustrates the benefit of a systems perspective when evaluating environmental interventions. Here, the intervention can be seen as an investment that not only reduces emissions to the environment, but contributes towards sustainable working life at sea.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluation of workplaces
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Creating Sustainable Work Environments. - : NEHF (Norwegian society for Ergonomics and Human Factors). - 9788299574754 ; , s. A3-11-A3-15
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating workplaces. The comparison focus on differences in the comments when evaluation with 2D and 3D models. The results make strong indication that overall layout, line of sight and space are perceived differently in 2D and 3D models.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hemphälä, Hillevi, et al.
(författare)
-
A method for assessing risks in visual ergonomics
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Creating Sustainable Work-environments. - : NEHF. - 9788299574754 ; , s. B1-1-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionA method for risk assessment in the field of visual ergonomics is under development. Insufficient visual ability can lead to increased workload and contribute to eyestrain and musculoskeletal discomfort. Although the relation between eyestrain and musculoskeletal discomfort is not fully understood, studies have shown that straining the eyes increases the musculoskeletal activity in the neck and shoulders (trapezius); associations between visually demanding work, eye problems, headaches and/or muscle problems have also been found (Aarås et al., 2001; IESNA, 2011; Zetterlund et al., 2009; Zetterberg et al., 2013; Toomingas et al., 2013; Richter et al., 2011; Richter et al., 2015). Problems due to insufficient visual ergonomics not only exist in computer intensive work, but in other professions as well, such as surgeons and postal workers (Hemphälä et al., 2011; Hemphälä et al.,2012).The aim of this project is to develop a practical, easy-to-use, and time efficient risk assessment method for visual ergonomics. With this method, risk factors in the visual environment can be detected, and interventions implemented to reduce the prevalence of symptoms related to poor visual ergonomics among workers.MethodsA first version of the risk assessment method has already been developed. In the spring of 2015, 27 ergonomists were taught visual ergonomics and introduced to the method. After the course, each ergonomist used the method to assess 8-10 workplaces, providing data and practical experiences from approximately 250 risk assessments. These data will be used to further develop and improve the method. During the fall of 2015 and spring of 2016, two other groups, each consisting of 30 ergonomists, will be trained in using the revised version of the risk assessment method in approximately 10 workplaces each. Data from these assessments will be used to test the validity and reliability of the method.ResultsThe first version of the risk assessment method for visual ergonomics will be presented at NES 2015 together with the results from the approximately 250 risk assessments made by the first group of ergonomists. So far, the factors included in the method are objective measurements of illuminance, luminance contrast, illuminance uniformity values, size of work object, visual angle; expert assessment of the risk for glare; and subjective ratings of visual ability, eyestrain and musculoskeletal discomfort. Some tendencies have been found of correlations between an objectively-rated high risk for glare and eyestrain/headache, as well as between a high contrast glare/luminance ratio and eyestrain.ConclusionSeveral factors in the visual environment contribute to wellbeing and the level of performance. In this risk assessment method for visual ergonomics, ergonomists have been trained to evaluate, for example, the risk for glare, as one of the major risks. The risk assessment method presented will be discussed in relation to its usefulness in the prevention of discomfort and work-related disorders at workplaces.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hemphälä, H, et al.
(författare)
-
A method for assessing risks in visual ergonomics
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Nordic Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Conference. - 9788299574754
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for risk assessment in the field of visual ergonomics is under development. Insufficient visual ability can lead to increased workload and contribute to eyestrain and musculoskeletal discomfort. Although the relation between eyestrain and musculoskeletal discomfort is not fully understood, studies have shown that straining the eyes increases the musculoskeletal activity in the neck and shoulders (trapezius); associations between visually demanding work, eye problems, headaches and/or muscle problems have also been found (Aarås et al., 2001; IESNA, 2011; Zetterlund et al., 2009; Zetterberg et al., 2013; Toomingas et al., 2013; Richter et al., 2011; Richter et al., 2015). Problems due to insufficient visual ergonomics not only exist in computer intensive work, but in other professions as well, such as surgeons and postal workers (Hemphälä et al., 2011; Hemphälä et al., 2012). The aim of this project is to develop a practical, easy-to-use, and time efficient risk assessment method for visual ergonomics. With this method, risk factors in the visual environment can be detected, and interventions implemented to reduce the prevalence of symptoms related to poor visual ergonomics among workers.
|
|
| 5. |
- Khalid, Omar, et al.
(författare)
-
Simulation and evaluation of industrial applications of Human-Industrial Robot Collaboration cases
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nordic Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Conference NES 2015. - 9788299574754
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presented in this paper are two cases from a heavy vehicle manufacturer which demonstrate the potential width of Human-Industrial Robot Collaboration workstations. Case I simulates in machining environments, the assisted inspection of inline engine blocks and Case II simulates in logistics environments, the assisted material preparation for assembly line orders. The analysis and simulations were carried out with a software tool that combined digital human modelling, robotic simulation, path planning and use of technical computing tools. Results demonstrate the improvement of process ergonomics and cycle time.
|
|
| 6. |
- Osvalder, Anna-Lisa, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Design features of an office chair promoting health and performance upon sedentary work
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Nordic Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Conference, 1-4 Nov, Lillehammer, Norge. - 9788299574754
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today there is a large amount of knowledge about appropriate ergonomics postures upon sedentary work. The market offers a large selection of office chairs with numerous possibilities of adjustments for wide-ranged sitting postures. It is often difficult for the users to understand how the various settings should be adjusted to achieve the best individual postures at different occasions. Too many settings, with altered designs and functionality can be confusing. Buttons, knobs and levers can be difficult to understand for the users. This applies to both the purpose of the controls and how they should be handled. It is often difficult to know, without instructions and help, how an optimal setting should be chosen for a single individual. Instructions, both written and oral, and also an introduction given by an ergonomist/physiotherapist are very important in the concept of how an ergonomic office chair should be fully utilized.The objective of this study was to find out how different adjustments of an office chair were perceived, interpreted and used during sedentary work. Well-being, in terms of physical comfort, health effects and working performance was also studied during a longer period of work and related to design features of the chair.In total 48 full-time employed office computer workers in two companies participated in the study. Over a five week period, they changed their existing office chair to another chair with a number of controls for individual adjustments resulting in a variety of possible sitting postures. Each week the participants filled in an questionnaire with estimations of how the chair influenced their work. Among the 48 participants, 28 received an oral introduction with training about ergonomic features of the chair. The results showed that the understanding increased significantly (p
|
|
| 7. |
- Osvalder, Anna-Lisa, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Ergonomic features of control room environments for improved operator comfort and support
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Nordic Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Conference, 1-4 Nov, Lillehammer, Norge. - 9788299574754
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process control operators need well-designed control room environments to focus better on tasks to be performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a high-end control room concept including the latest ergonomic features had any effects on operator comfort and alertness compared to a traditional control room. Twelve professional operators participated by running a paint factory simulation for three hours in each control room. Subjective estimations were given regarding perceived discomfort, stress-energy and emotional state. The results showed significant benefits of a supportive ergonomic control room environment on operator alertness, wellbeing and productivity, but they felt increased pressure to perform well in such a high-technology environment.
|
|
| 8. |
- Rolfö, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Examining Office Type Preference
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Creating Sustainable Work-environments. - Lysaker. - 9788299574754 ; , s. A1-10-A1-14
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Office types and their environmental features influence performance and job satisfaction. Yet employees’ opinions are seldom considered when choosing office type. This paper suggests a method that investigates employees’ office type preferences and motives behind the preferences. The method proved to be quick and simple and provided a flow of current to preferred office type. A majority preferred the quiet cell office for its privacy while the open office was considered having a noisy and distracting environment and lack of privacy. These factors should be prioritized when planning work environments.
|
|
