| 1. |
- Alissandrakis, Aris, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing interactive mobile services to promote civic participation in northern Uganda
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICT for Anti-Corruption, Democracy And Education In East Africa. - Stockholm : Stockholm University. - 9789163746031 ; , s. 53-65
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents the activities and outcomes of the "People's Voices: Developing Cross Media Services to Promote Citizens Participation in Local Governance Activities" project.The aims of the project were a) to identify and describe a number of cross media services that can be used to promote citizens’ participation in political decisions and civic activities, and b) to develop a conceptual design and a prototype system of such a service. The project included a number of field trips from Sweden to Uganda, and used participatory design and ethnographic techniques for requirements elicitation, actively involving the different stakeholders. The developed system allows people in Uganda to use their mobile phones to submit reports of irregularities in local governance or poor services delivery using an interactive voice menu interface.We hope that our specific contribution will emphasize on how novel ways of integrating and using ICT can provide opportunities to encourage and facilitate civic engagement in North Uganda. The potential massive adoption of the kind of interactive mobile services described in this book chapter can be used in unique ways to provide opportunities to make governmental services more innovative, transparent and cost-effective, as well as to encourage citizens to become more engaged and goal-focused for the common good of their society.
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| 2. |
- Asiimwe, Edgar, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Using Technology for Enhancing Transparency and Accountability in Low Resource Communities : Experiences from Uganda
- 2013. - 6
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Ingår i: ICT for Anti-Corruption, Democracy and Education In East Africa. - Stockholm : Stockholm University. - 9789163746031 ; , s. 37-51
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aimed at investigating the user needs, practices, experiences and challenges faced in promoting transparency and accountability using ICT in low-resource communities. The research was conducted on two ICT4D (Information and Communication Technology for Development) initiatives, a call center, and a telecenter supported by two projects; (1) “Promoting Social Accountability In The Health Sector In Northern Uganda”, (2) “Catalyzing Civic Participation And Democracy Monitoring Using ICTs”. The two projects sought to fight corruption by increasing transparency and accountability using ICT to enable “whistle-blowing,” i.e., reporting misconduct in service provision. The projects are based in Uganda and are carried out by Spider (Swedish Program for ICT in Developing Regions) partner organizations: Transparency International (TI) Uganda and Collaboration International ICT Policy in East and Southern Africa (CIPESA). Using interviews, focus group discussions and observations, the study addressed three research questions: (1) How have the two projects provided citizens a trusted and effective channel for “whistle-blowing”? (2) What are the enabling factors for whistle-blowing through ICT and challenges that affect whistle-blowers and how can the challenges be overcome?The ICT service-delivery monitoring and reporting methods used by projects include toll free phone calls, blogs, radio talk shows, SMS and e-mail for reaching out; and processes for verification of reports and for communicating reports to government. There are results that indicate these methods are sound enough to serve the purposes of transparency and accountability, and the track record exhibits real change achieved in many instances. ICT users are optimistic and trustful of these ICT methods. Effective whistle-blowing includes efficient and effective reporting processes, convenience in reporting, actual service delivery improvements, availability and privacy, and affordability. There are also a number of challenges, including user education, gender issues, and general issues pertaining to the business model, including economic sustainability and finding the most effective scope of the operations.
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| 3. |
- Hellström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Many “likers” do not constitute a crowd : the case of Uganda’s Not In My Country
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICT for Anti-Corruption, Democracy and Education in East Africa. - Stockholm : Spider. - 9789163746031 ; , s. 27-36
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While there is a lot of hype surrounding anti-corruption crowdsourcing interventions among development practitioners and international media, scholarly attention to the phenomenon within development context is limited. In the “Crowdsourcing Success Factor Model”, the crowd’s “motive alignment” is singled out as the key determinant of success of the crowdsourcing initiative. By looking in-depth into the project Not In My Country, which is a crowdsourcing platform used to record, report, and publicise corruption in Ugandan universities, the concept of motive alignment is scrutinised. While Not In My Country, 11 months after its launch, has a notable popular support (over 3,500 “likes” on Facebook and over 15’000 unique visitors to its website), only 110 lecturers and 10 corruption reports have been submitted. If NIMC has apparently tapped into widely held anti-corruption sentiment, and garnered significant traffic to its site, why do so few visitors actually engage with the site as its implementers intended? Data collected through a questionnaire and focus group discussions with Ugandan university students who have “liked” NIMC’s Facebook page, indicate that the concept of motive alignment must consider not just ideological alignment, but alignment of modes of action and communication norms between participants and the crowdsourcing project. Motive alignment needs a temporal dimension to be fully understood as subjects’ more immediate interests can subvert long-term goal alignment.
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| 4. |
- Jobe, William, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile Learning for Human Rights in Kenya : The Haki Zangu Case For Non-Formal Learning
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICT for Anti-Corruption, Democracy And Education In East Africa. - Kista : SPIDER. - 9789163746031 ; , s. 67-82
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project, entitled “Mobile Online Learning for Human Rights”, was conducted in cooperation with the Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) in their Spider project “Reforms through citizen participation and government accountability”. The primary goal was to create a platform to spread information about human rights to any Kenyan for free in order to increase knowledge and engagement. The research goals of this project were to explore the viability of using a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) with incentives to reach, engage, and educate Kenyans. Therefore, a non-formal MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) about human rights using any Internet connected device was designed and created. The course was free and open to anyone in Kenya and offered both a digital badge and certificate from Stockholm University in Sweden upon completion. The course was called Haki Zangu (Kiswahili for “My Rights”), and explored how using incentives such as digital badges and certificates of completion affected learning outcomes and ubiquitous access based on principles of responsive web design and using audio recordings of the entire course content. The course is still ongoing, but after six months there were 160 participants who had enrolled, and ten participants had completed the course and received certificates and digital badges. The participants showed extensive enthusiasm and engagement for human rights issues and expressed desires to learn more and further spread knowledge about human rights. The current findings indicate that the availability of digital badges and certificates increased interest for participation and positively affected learning outcomes. Furthermore, the platform proved adequate for disseminating education in a developing country, and allowed for unencumbered, ubiquitous access regardless of device. Additionally, pedagogically the participants found ethical dilemmas and forum discussions regarding various Human Rights issues most rewarding. Lastly, key challenges for future MOOC efforts in developing countries are Internet access and its costs.
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| 5. |
- Uimonen, Paula
(författare)
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Mediated agency : music and media against corruption in Tanzania
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICT for anti-corruption, democracy and education in East Africa. - Kista : SPIDER. - 9789163746031 ; , s. 11-26
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter explores the use of music and digital media in the Chanjo campaign against corruption in Tanzania, focusing on mediations of agency. Building on Latour (2005), I use the concept mediated agency to refer to a process in which different cultural forms (mediators) bring about social transformation (agency). In so doing I recognize the ‘agency of art,’ especially its embeddedness in networks of social relations and its ‘practical mediatory role’ in processes of social change (Gell 1998). Similarly, I appreciate media and other mediators in the broader sense of ‘social mediation,’ with an emphasis on social interaction and exchange (Boyer 2012). Thus, while understanding agency in the sense of transformative action or practice, I build on anthropological theories of mediation, focusing on social processes of intervention and interaction that include but go beyond different forms of media. In this chapter, I will argue that the Chanjo campaign creates a platform that mediates the agency of participants, empowering them to speak up against corruption. The music itself is of course an important form of mediation, but so is the method of delivery, not least the interaction with the audience, as well as the mobility of the campaign. These layers of mediation intersect in different ways, which enforces the process of social and cultural transformation. Through digital mediations and remediations (Bolter and Grusin 1999), especially through social and mobile media, the campaign expands in time and space, thus extending agency beyond the tour itself.
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