| 1. |
- Alsarve, Daniel, 1976-
(författare)
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A repertoire of possibilities : visualized masculinities in a Swedish sportsclub 1908-09
- 2015
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts. - : European College of Sport Science. - 9789171045676 ; , s. 280-280
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and aim When designing our identities we are inclined to use images of our selves, as well as pictures of ’the others’. Images are interwoven with our culture and society, as well as with definitions of history and truth. The overall aim of this study is to analyse, by using a visual method, masculinizing and de-masculizing processes. More specific, the objective is to study how a dominant masculinity manifested itself in associative visuals (and texts), and how these images of domination changed during from 1908 to 1989. Theory and method Drawing inspiration from Bourdieu (2001) and Connell (1995), the theoretical perspective is based on the production and reproduction of a dominant and hegemonic masculinity manuscript at a associative level. Results from their work reveal that images and expectations about men and women make us asymmetrically associated with e. g. sexuality or age. This means that the norms of masculinity dictate how athletics are visualised or objectified. In turn, the norms and actions of masculinity are hierarchical, i.e. men see themselves in relation to a dominant masculinity or an alternative femininity. (This process always includes several other potential power perceptions.) From this perspective ideals and identities can vary both between men and within the same man, when, for example, the context changes. The method is a textual and visual analysis of how the hegemonic manuscript conditions and permeates the images and texts, e. g. in what is being captured or why, how a photograph is taken, how the athlete is portrayed and so on. More specific, the numerical representations of men and women respectively are counted along with more qualitative characteristics of how men and women were portrayed. Results and discussion The photography of a man always contains a potential to construct and categorise differences of gender. The ambition of the study is to say something universal about the mechanisms of the (re)production of male dominance in an organisation. The overall conclusion shows the difference in being objectified or portrayed, visually and textually, with and without respectively, a preserved subject position and status. Although, there are arguments for a changeable masculinity, sometimes the ideal masculine identity shows little variance. The changing aspects are particularly interesting as the study object grasps over an 80- year period. The discussion will focus on what power mechanisms are being used to reproduce a dominant, masculine order in the association. References Bourdieu, Pierre. (2001). Masculine domination. Cambridge: Polity. Connell, Raewyn. (1995). Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press.
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| 2. |
- Eliasson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Organisation and leadership changes reasons for teenage girls to drop to out from sport
- 2015
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Ingår i: 20th Annual Congress of the European college of Sport Science, 24-27 June 2015, Malmö - Sweden. - : European College of Sport Science. - 9789171045676 ; , s. 440-441
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Many girls and boys quit sport in their teens and the reasons for this has eluded scientist and sport organisations for many years. This study was initiated by the Swedish Floorball Association with the aim to understand why many teenage girls quit floorball and to increase knowledge about what sportclubs can do to prevent girls from dropping out. A special research focus was directed towards the disengagement process which the girls undergoes when they take the decision to quit their sport.Methods: The study is based on data from 24 semi-structured interviews with 12 girls aged 13-18 years (n=12) and with one parent from each of the girls (n=12). The girls belonged to three different floorball clubs geographically spread in Sweden and had quit floorball from 6 months to 2,5 years ago. The study draws on Ebaughs (1988) theory of the disengagement process.Results: The results showed that the disengagement process can take from a few months up to two yearsbefore the girl takes the final decision to quit. The process was described by four different phases 1) First doubts 2) Seeking alternatives 3) The Turning point 4) After the decision. While the parents were involved in the process representatives from the sport clubs were almost absent. The longer into the process the girls where the more final their decision became. Six factors were identified asthe main reasons for the girls to quit their sport, often a girl quit due to a combination of three to four of these factors. The most salient factors were an increased focus on sport performance andresults, changes in the team's formation, new coaches and changes in the coach attitudes, interest inother activities or sports, lack of time and high demands on themselves. No one of the girls in this study had been contacted from the sport organisations after they quit.Discussion: The results points out the impact different changes had for the girls’ decision to quit and the importance for the clubs to be aware of this. It also highlights how the absence of there presentatives from the sport clubs in the girls’ disengagement process led to limited knowledge about the girls’ feelings and thought processes which means they were less able to adopt accurate strategies or to implement appropriate interventions to reduce the dropout rate. One message tothe sport organisations is therefore to develop strategies for how to gather knowledge of their members’ thoughts and feelings about their sport participation and be proactive in their work concerning how to handle changes, group cohesion and coach education. Organisation and leadership in the sport organisations were seen as key areas to develop when the ambition is to lower dropout rates.
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| 3. |
- Fahlström, Per Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Specialising or sampling – careers pathways in Swedish elite sports
- 2015
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Ingår i: 20th annual Congress of the European college of sport science 24th - 27th June 2015, Malmö – Sweden. - : European College of Sport Science. - 9789171045676 ; , s. 237-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The sport talent discourse is dominated by the controversy regarding early specialization or sporting diversification and sampling (Cote & Fraser-Thomas, 2007 and Bridge & Toms, 2012). The main purpose of the project was to study Swedish top athletes and describe the pathways to national top level in sports and the athletes’ perception of this process. More specifically the project studied socio-economic background, families sporting background, sports debut age, age of specialisation and investing in sports.Method Questionnaires were distributed to 349 national team athletes from 39 different sport federations. 328 athletes, 195 females and 133males, returned the questionnaires, an answering rate of 93,8%. The average age was 25 years. 62% were involved in individual sports.They were all nations team athletes and 69% of them had received special elite support as potential medal winners at World Cups and Olympic games.Results The study showed the strong family influence on the sport activities. The national team athletes typically came from sport families, their parents had own sport experiences often from a high level within the same sport as the children. The parents often were engaged as coaches, committee delegates, board members etc. The study identified several different paths to the nationalteam. The career steps from early involvement to top level performances are varying and individual. Beside the two dominating paths the results showed different nuances and individual pathways including early sport choice but with early or late specialization as well as latersport choice with or without sampling periods. These results are corresponding with other recent studies (see for example Storm et al 2012).Discussion The findings in this study indicate that the talent programs and talent identification systems have to be more flexible to match the different individual pathways to elite level. The standardized talent programs and the traditional talent “stairways” are discussed since they run the risk of missing talents who don’t seem to fit expected sport activity patterns.References Bridge, M. W. & Toms,M.R, The specialising or sampling debate: a retrospective analysis of adolescent sports participation in the UK, Journal of Sports Sciences,2012; 1–10 Côte, J. & Fraser-Thomas, J. Youth involvement in sport. In P. Crocker (Ed.), Introduction to sport psychology: A Canadian perspective(pp. 266–294). Toronto, ON: Pearson Prentice Hall. Storm, L. K., Henriksen, C. & Krogh-Christensen, M. Specialization pathwaysamong elite Danish athletes: A look at the developmental model of sport participation from a cultural perspective. International Journal ofSport Psychology, 2012, 43, 199-222
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| 4. |
- Franck, Alina, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish junior athletes’ personal profiles in relation to the dynamics of adjustment in the junior-to-senior transition
- 2015
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts of the 20th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science – 24th - 27th June 2015, Malmö – Sweden. - Malmö : European College of Sport Science (ECSS). - 9789171045676 ; , s. 295-295
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to previous research, the junior-to-senior transition (JST) is decisive for athletes who want to reach the elite/professional sport level, it lasts for 2-4 years, and is known for its high dropout rate. The longitudinal study of the junior-to-senior transition process in Swedish club-based athletes conducted by the authors involved several lines of data analysis with this presentation focusing on the dynamics of athletes’ junior-to-senior transition adjustment in relation to their personal characteristics. The study had five measurements conducted every six months using several instruments; these instruments measured the athletes’ level of athletic identity, task- and ego orientation, self-esteem and adjustment in the transition process. The latent profile analysis identified three profiles (based on athletes personal characteristics; BIC = 771.11; entropy = 0.87; Parametric Bootstrapped likelihood ratio test = -356.07, p < 0.001). In the profile-1, athletes (34 males and 11 females) were characterized by high athletic identity, self-esteem, task orientation, and the JST motivation; they also had moderately high ego orientation. These athletes perceived to be 72 % adjusted at the first measurement, had a positive progression through the transition process, and at the fifth measurement perceived to be 83 % adjusted at the senior level. In the profile-2, athletes (30 males and 7 females) perceived themselves to have high self-esteem and the JST motivation, relatively high athletic identity and task orientation complemented by moderate ego orientation. They perceived themselves to be 66 % adjusted at the first measurement, had a positive progression through the transition process, and at the fifth measurement perceived themselves to be 73% adjusted. In the profile-3 athletes (9 males and 9 females) reported high self-esteem, relatively high task orientation, as well as moderate athletic identity, ego orientation and the JST motivation. These athletes perceived to be 62 % adjusted at the first measurement, had almost no progression through the transition process, and at the fifth measurement perceived themselves to be 64 % adjusted. These findings supported our hypothesis that athletes with different profiles of personal characteristics follow different pathways through the JST process. The JST pathways are going to be explored more in detail with the aim to understand transition variables contributing to the dynamics of perceived adjustment. Further this knowledge can be used in assisting athletes in the JST.
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| 7. |
- Malmborg, Julia, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Orthorexic Eating Behavior in Relation to Health Status and Physical Activity : A Comparison Between Students in Two University Programs
- 2015
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts of the 20<sup>th</sup> Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science - 24<sup>th</sup> - 27<sup>th</sup> June 2015, Malmö - Sweden. - Cologne : SporTools. - 9789171045676 ; , s. 497-498
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundOrthorexia nervosa (ON) is a condition described as ‘unhealthy’ behaviors regarding diet and physical activity. There is an ongoing discussion if ON is more common among adolescents studying in the area of health care and exercise. The research on ON is scarce and few studies assess ON and its association to health related quality of life (HRQoL).AimThe aim was to study orthorexic eating behavior, levels of physical activity and HRQoL in students enrolled at university programs focusing on health and exercise compared to those enrolled in business programs.Method128 subjects, 32 men and 38 women from Biomedicine – Athletic Training (Biomedicine) and 22 men and 36 women from Construction and Real Estate Business (Business) participated in this cross-sectional study. The subjects completed the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) to measure HRQoL, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to measure levels of physical activity and ORTO-15 which examines eating behavior. A score less than 40 on ORTO-15 (score ranging from 0-60, worst to best) indicated an unhealthy relation to diet and was considered as ON in this study (Donini et al., 2005). Differences between groups were analyzed with t-tests and chi-square test.ResultsA total of 105 out of 128 (82%) subjects had a score indicating ON. Students from Biomedicine had a higher frequency of ON in comparison to Business (p < 0.000) and in the SF-36 subscale bodily pain, Biomedicine students reported a higher frequency of pain (p = 0.006). Results from measurements of physical activity did not differ significantly between Biomedicine and Business students, but there was a trend for high-intensity physical activity to occur more frequently in men than in women in general (p = 0.014).ConclusionON is a common condition in university students and even more frequent in students enrolled in a program directed towards health and nutrition. The high frequency of ON seen in Biomedicine students could be a problem that needs to be addressed since the students, after graduation, are expected to coach other people to a healthy living. Further studies are needed to explore associations with ON to health and physical activity. There is also a need to develop valid and reliable instruments for assessing the condition.
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| 8. |
- Meckbach, Jane, et al.
(författare)
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Movement Analysis Of Playing Exergames in Physical Education
- 2015
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Ingår i: 20th annual Congress of the EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE, 24th - 27th June 2015, Malmö – Sweden. - : European College of Sport Science. - 9789171045676 ; , s. 101-101
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Exergames inspire participants to be physically active in order to play. Several scholars pay attention to that the games have become popular among young people and may lead to an attractive alternative for promoting a healthy, active lifestyles, not at least in school (Gao et al 2013, Ennis 2013). In Sweden, PE should offer a variety of movement activities and movement qualities. Interesting to explore is then if exergames can be seen as a teaching resource to learn different movement’s qualities?Research question: With a new artifact that has been introduced in PE and new policy documents emphasising development of different movement qualities, this paper aims to explore students’ movement qualities when they use exergames in PE with support of Laban´s movement analysis (LMA) and socio-cultural learning theory.Method: The empirical data include video-recordings from three PE lessons. The games offered were of three different characters, and the recorded material for this study includes a total of 24 events of sports games, fitness games and dance games. In the study, we are inspired by the LMA framework and explore students’ movement qualities on the basis of four aspects; body, - effort - space and relations. Further, with socio-cultural learning theory, recognition of artifacts, other people and the offered content of the exergames are also involved in the analysis. The learning explored is therefore about aspects where the game, the player and the social environment interact in learning of different movement qualities.Results and discussion: Our findings show that exergames are creating opportunities for PE teachers and students to pay attention to different movement qualities. When comparing the three games both similarities and differences in movement qualities emerge in relation to the learning of movement qualities that occurs in the interaction between the game, the learner and the learning environment. In PE the player is accordingly involved in a complex context of movement qualities, interacting with the game and with other student.
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| 9. |
- Pojskic, Haris, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Proprioception training : before or after regular basketball training session?
- 2015
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Ingår i: 20th annual Congress of the EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE, 24th - 27th June 2015, Malmö, Sweden. - : EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE. - 9789171045676 ; , s. 424-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction It is a common practice among strength and conditioning coaches to conduct proprioception training before a regular training session when athletes are in a rested state, but it is known that the majority of injuries occurred at the end of the training session, or competition, when athletes are fatigued (Hawkins and Fuller, 1999). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of basketball training on single-leg balance ability in rested and fatigued state and assess whether the efficiency of a proprioception program is affected by its performance before or after a regular basketball training. Methods Thirty-three female basketball players were randomly divided into three subgroups (n=11 each). Experimental groups E1 and E2 performed the same proprioception program (8 weeks, 3 times per week, 15-20 minutes per session), but E1 performed before, and E2 after regular basketball training session. A control group performed only the regular basketball training. The Biodex Balance System was used to assess single-leg balance ability, overall stability index (OSI) prior to the utilization of the program (in a rested and fatigued state), as well as after the program. General fatigue was induced by the beep test protocol. Two separate 3-way repeated measures ANOVA (time x group x condition) and multiple pairwise comparisons were used to test the differences in the single-leg balance ability between and within the groups pre- and post-proprioception program,and to determine if the timing of the proprioception training (pre-training vs. post-training) affected the balance ability in rested and fatigued state. Results The enhancement in single-leg balance ability for both dominant and non-dominant leg was higher in the experimental groups than in the control group (> 15%). Greater improvement was in a dominant leg’s OSI in the fatigued and non-fatigued state in E2 group. E1 group showed similar improvement in the rested state for non-dominant leg compared to E2 group. Discussion We found that a basketball training improved single-leg ability, but greater enhancement was observed when the proprioception training was added. Additionally, we found that the post-training proprioception program positively affected balance ability in the rested and fatigued state. These findings are in accordance with Gioftsidou et al. (2006). It seems that training in the fatigued state (post-training) has a positive transfer on single-leg ability in the fatigued state, so it is recommended to conduct it after a training session or after exhausting exercises.
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| 10. |
- Renström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Talent Selection in Swedish Youth Football : the Relative Age Effect and Parental Support
- 2015
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Ingår i: 20th annual Congress of the EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE 24th - 27th June 2015, Malmö – Sweden BOOK OF ABSTRACTS. - 9789171045676 ; , s. 293-294
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction This study reports empirical data from an ongoing project, investigating talent development in football. The purpose is to examine predictors that impact on 14-year old football players´ possibilities to enter and proceed through the Swedish Football Associations´ talent development system. Drawing on deliberate practice and deliberate play (Côté, Baker & Abernethy, 2003), the relative age effect (RAE)(Romann & Fuchlosher, 2011) and sporting habitus (Bourdieu, 2010) we focus on football training in clubs and school, training time in football and other sports, birth dates and parental support. Method The analysis is based upon questionnaires from one large and one medium district. The study included 166 boys and 117 girls who at the age of 14 participated in the first selection camp at each district. They were then followed until their last selection the year thereafter, in which 16 boys and 16 girls where selected to represent the district in a national elite camp. Result The results show that 67% of the boys and girls where born in the first six month, RAE then increased for boys, with 83% in the last selection being born the first six months girls RAE were constant. Boys practiced more football both in and outside their club, 61% of the boys and 40% of the girls reaching the last selection practiced 7 hours or more in their club. 33% of the boys and 8% of the girls practiced 5 or more hours on their own. For girls selected, on each level parental support was stronger than for not selected girls, for both boys and girls who were selected for the final district team parental support was almost twice as big in terms of presence at games and practice. The parents of the players who were selected had to a great extent a competitive sport background. Discussion The results show that RAE is a threshold for entering the system and then increase for boys. The 14-year old football players´ proceeding through to the district team seem to be related to training hours, especially for boys, and parental support, especially for girls. These results suggest a need to further explore how these factors shapes the selection processes for boys and girls and the recruitment of the final 16 players in the district team. References Bourdieu, P. (2010). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. London: Routledge Côté, J., Baker, J. & Abernethy, B. (2003). From play to practice: a developmental framework for the acquisition of expertise in team sport. In Starker, J. & Ericsson, A.K. (Eds.) Recent advances in research on sport expertise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Romann, M., & Fuchlosher, J. (2013). Relative age effects in Swiss junior soccer and their relationship with playing position. European Journal of Sport Science, 4, 356-363.
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