| 1. |
- Ahlborg, Helene, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Drivers and barriers to rural electrification in Tanzania and Mozambique – grid extension, off-grid and renewable energy sources
- 2011
-
Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 – Sweden, 8-11 May 2011, Linköping, Sweden. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 1650-3740. - 9789173930703 ; 10:57, s. 2493-2500
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mozambique and Tanzania are countries with very low rural electrification rates – far below 5% percent of the rural population use electricity. The pace of rural grid electrification is slow and for most remote areas access to the national electricity grids will not occur within a foreseeable future. Off-grid (decentralized) electricity grids are seen as a complement and fore-runner to the national grid, making electricity available many years in advance and creating demand and a customer base. Most off-grid systems are supplied by diesel generators which entail unreliable and costly electricity. Alternative off-grid energy sources exist in the region, such as biofuels, wind, micro-hydro and solar PV; but there are significant barriers to adoption, adaptation and diffusion of such RE-based technologies. In this study, the specific drivers and barriers for rural electrification and off-grid solutions in both countries are explored across a stakeholder spectrum. It is part of a larger research effort, undertaken in collaboration between Swedish and African researchers from natural, engineering and social sciences, aiming at an interdisciplinary assessment of the potential for an enhanced utilization of available renewable sources in off-grid solutions. By qualitative methodology, data was collected in semi-structured stakeholder interviews carried out with ten national level energy sector actors. Findings illustrate countryspecific institutional, financial and poverty-related drivers and barriers to grid and off-grid electrification, as perceived by different energy sector stakeholders.
|
|
| 2. |
- Alriksson, Stina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies of preferences as an extra dimension in system studies
- 2011
-
Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011Linköping, Sweden. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 1732-1739
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial energy systems are complicated networks where changes in one process influence itsneighboring processes. The network complexity increases if production/use of bio fuel is introduced in anexisting system. Process integration can be a useful tool to study such systems and thus avoid sub optimization.However, changes in an industrial complex do not only influence the technical values of energy and materialefficiency. The social impact is also important and sometimes is comparable to that of technical factors.A process integration project has recently been carried out for a paper mill in northern Sweden with a side viewon future expansion with a bio refinery. An activity to study the social impacts were included through a Conjointanalysis, a stated preference method that combines statistics and interviewing technique.The results indicate that the participants are divided in four groups, the largest group focusing on a change in theprocess towards a bio refinery, the second largest focusing on the local environment. The third and fourth groupboth look at the local forestry, one group wanting to increase local forest production, and one rejecting anincrease.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Staffan, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Building performance based on measured data
- 2011
-
Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 899-906
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing liability for builders, the need for evaluation methods that focuses on the building’s performance and thus excludes the impact from residents’ behavior increases. This is not only of interest for new buildings but also when retrofitting existing buildings in order to reduce energy end-use. The investigation in this paper is based on extensive measurements on two fairly representative type of buildings, a single family building in Ekerö, Stockholm built 2000 and two apartment buildings in Umeå (1964) in order to extract key energy performance parameters such as the building’s heat loss coefficient, heat transfer via the ground and heat gained from the sun and used electricity. With access to pre-processed daily data from a 2-month periods, located close to the winter solstice, a robust estimate of the heat loss coefficient was obtained based on a regression analysis. For the single family building the variation was within 1% and for the two heavier apartment buildings an average variation of 2%, with a maximum of 4%, between different analyzed periods close to the winter solstice. The gained heating from the used electricity in terms of a gain factor could not be unambiguously extracted and therefore could only a range for the heat transfer via ground be estimated. The estimated range for the transfer via ground for the two apartment buildings were in very good agreement with those calculated according to EN ISO 13 370 and corresponded to almost 10% of the heating demand at the design temperature. For the single family building with an insulated slab and parts of the walls below ground level, the calculations gave slightly higher transfer than what was obtained from the regression analysis. For the estimated gained solar radiation no comparison has been possible to make, but the estimated gain exhibited an expected correlation with the global solar radiation data that was available for the two apartment buildings.
|
|
| 4. |
- Aronsson, Peter, 1959-
(författare)
-
Foreword : A European Project
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Building National Museums in Europe 1750–2010. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 1-4
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 5. |
- Aronsson, Peter, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Making national museums in Europe – a comparative approach
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Building National Museums in Europe 1750–2010. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 5-20
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- National museums refer to those institutions, collections and displays claiming, articulating and representing dominant national values, myths and realities. From this perspective, national museums can hereby be explored as historic and contemporary processes of negotiations and values that constitute the basis for national communities and state-formations. National museums have thus become significant within arenas of negotiation and consolidation of new answers to questions ultimately linked to nationhood, citizenship and the role of the nation within a system of other nations. We argue here that national representation and representations of nations, as negotiated by national museums, provide a contribution to shaping and representing the socio-political community. Moreover, the fundamental properties of nations and states, perceived of as legitimate and factual representations of the world, are presenting the nation within a political system of other nations. Once established, national museums become a cultural asset and force unto themselves that are to be regarded and rearranged but seldom destroyed by new socio-political groups and visions. The longevity of their existence across periods of political change provides one of the powerful features of the institution.Some periods and contexts have, in particular, been conducive to museum-building such as the intensive demand for national museums that followed in the wake of the Napoleonic wars with the creation of national states, justifying autonomy of the state on the basis of national distinctiveness and uniqueness. As a result, regional differences within nations were rearranged in order to fit with such affiliations and promote new loyalties. The notion of a western civilisation and western values were also nationalized in the process of museum making in Europe resulting in different interpretations of universal, national and transnational values and identifications. It is within such contexts, among many, that a study of national museums - as a means of representing high culture, values and national pride - provide illuminating and comparative data on the many related processes of nationalisation.The aim of the EuNaMus research programme is to to illuminate gaps in existing research by adding a crucial comparative perspective to the study of national museums. We are hereby presenting the first comprehensive overview over national museums in Europe and outline the basis of comparative elements and significant variables. In a comparative light and as a rule, the trajectories of the European national museums provide an account of the parallel interactions between museum, nation and state and give witness to the long standing relevance of national museums as constituent components of what will be analysed as negotiated cultural constitutions. It is through these that nations have expressed a yearning for a golden and legitimate past. Attempting to balance such perceived needs for continuity with the increased diversity and difference of the contemporary world turns the notion of a unified agenda of the future into a challenge.
|
|
| 6. |
- Aronsson, Peter, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
National museums in Germany : anchoring competing communities
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Building national museums in Europe 1750–2010. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 327-362
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1760-2010, Germany has been marked by several levels of nation-building as well as many different ideological and territorial projects. This inquiry has focused on processes of long continuity, spanning unification in both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, adding the most important ruptures and institutional inventions to get a firm-enough basis for conclusions on the institutional role of museums vis-a-vis the state-making process. The most significant periods for the interaction between museums and nation-building can be labelledThe struggle, leading to Germany’s unification in 1871, where several regions made their bids through museums.Imperial unity on display from 1871-1914. National museums were stabilizing and universalizing the German Empire in the world.Nazi cultural policy, 1933-1945: Comprehensive museum plans for the Third Reich.GDR (German Democratic Republic) national museums between 1949-1990 were dominated by the ideology of socialist culture.The Federal republic, before and after 1990: inscribing Nazi and GDR as pasts contained within brackets.Germany’s history is marked by the processes of unification meeting dissociative forces resulting in dramatic political shifts and the persistence of a complex federal structure. Museums reflect various strategies both within this history and through contributions to stabilizing, reinforcing and materializing ideas of continuity. Balancing the unifying message of the heritage of a Roman – German legacy and later federal structures resulted in a distribution of national museums in Berlin, Munich, Nuremberg and Bonn. A long-standing cooperation and tension between local, regional and national identities with a clear utopian and activist element marks initiatives taken for establishing national museums. What later became national museums often started as private individual or collective elite initiatives aimed at putting certain projects on the political agenda.The enlightenment ambitions went beyond national borders with the establishment of Humboldt University in Berlin in 1810 and several of the institutions at the Museumsinselas “Universalmuseen”. The scientific and technical scope of Deutsches Museum in Munich captured the rational dimension in German identity politics into the next century. These rational and scientific ambitions coincided in time and helped to legitimize both military national unification and imperial undertakings.Implicit and explicit historical narratives representing the existence of German culture dominated national museums with a plastic delimitation between a European (Roman), Germanspeaking and German state as the space of representation. Art and cultural history was more expandable, while political history followed the honours and sorrows of political community.National museums have, overall, survived with an astonishing continuity when successively changing the goal of state-making from creating the state, an empire, a Nazi state to overcoming that past and creating democratic visions in both liberal and communist versions to, again, healing that division and constructing it as a parenthesis in history. A re-nationalisation process post-1990 again activated investments in museums and reveals again a standing ambiguity in dealing with national sentiments. This is most clearly visible in museum discussions and projects dealing with the NS-legacy versus demands for “Normalisierung”.As opposed to many European countries from France to Greece that have a high level of centralization within the field of culture, both culture and cultural politics is, in Germany, mainly dealt with on a regional level within each Bundesland. This can partly be explained by the terrifying experience of a centralized rule and the misuse of art and culture for political ends made during the NS-regime (Klein 2003):71). After the war, one sought to prevent this through legislation by reducing state influence within the cultural policy sphere through the foundational law (GG article 5(3) and 30). A federal - and thus fragmented - Germany was also something desired by the Allies. However, a decentralized Germany was nothing entirely new. An on-going interplay between regional and central forces in representing the state was one of the long-term phenomena, although driven by various logics: In the mid-19th century, the relative strength and actual outcome of the unification process was naturally open-ended which allowed for several strong suggestions, while mid-20thcentury dynamics was determined by the urge not to repeat the mishaps of a strong national ideology. The current trend seems to lend itself to stronger nationalizing forces in the field of memory politics.The overarching argument of the role played by national museums in the making of the German state and nation is that it has provided a platform for a cultural constitution only slowly negotiating changing ideas of what it means to be German and how to relate to local, regional and transnational communities. Hence, the main impact of the museums is to secure ideas of continuity in the midst of dramatic political change.
|
|
| 7. |
- Axelsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance of Jatropha biodiesel production and its environmental and socio-economic impact – A case study in Southern India
- 2011
-
Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress 2011. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 2470-2477
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In India expectations have been high on production of biodiesel from the oil-crop Jatropha. Jatropha is promoted as a drought- and pest-resistant crop, with the potential to grow on degraded soil with a low amount of inputs. These characteristics encourage hope for positive environmental and socio-economic impacts from Jatropha biodiesel production. The purpose of this study was to explore the performance of Jatropha biodiesel production in Southern India, to identify motivational factors for continued Jatropha cultivation, and to assess environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Jatropha biodiesel production. 106 farmers who have or have had Jatropha plantations were visited and interviewed regarding their opinion of Jatropha cultivation. The result indicates that 85 percent of the farmers have discontinued cultivation of Jatropha. The main barriers to continued cultivation derive from ecological problems, economic losses, and problems in the development and execution of the governmental implementation of the Jatropha programme. The Jatropha characteristics were overrated, and the plantations failed to provide income to the farmer. A common factor for the farmers who continued Jatropha cultivation was that they had the economic means to maintain non-profitable plantations. As the Jatropha programme was not as successful as expected, the expected positive environmental and socio-economic impacts have not been realized.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bentz, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
National Museums in Austria
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Building National Museums in Europe 1750–2010. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 21-46
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw much of the nation-making and museum creation discussed in this paper, Austria underwent a whole spectrum of constitutions: monarchy, republic, autocracy and part of a totalitarian state and then again, since the ten years spanning 1945-1955, a republic. This dramatic history is also reflected in the changing borders of Austria – from a geographically extensive mosaic of the Habsburg Monarchy (as a Vielvölkerstaat; a multinational realm) to today’s Austria that is made up by nine federal states with approximately 8,4 million inhabitants in total. Thus, an important question concerns what the term ‘national’ may refer to in the specific case of Austria.Turning to developments in the museum sphere, the period of the Austrian Empire (1804- 1867) and the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918) – especially in the Vormärz - was marked by royal initiatives regarding existing collections. A process of centralizing and ordering collections, that hitherto had been dispersed, began and thus it was only now that these began to be regarded as entities. In the imperial city of Vienna, splendid buildings were constructed to host these collections during the second half of the century, e.g. the “twin museums” Kunsthistorisches Museum (KM, Museum of Art History) and Naturhistorisches Museum (NM, Museum of Natural History), emerging from the imperial collections. However, the two museums were never described as ‘national’, since the Vielvölkerstaat had to represent all peoples. The same can be said about the Austrian Museum für Volkskunde (The Austrian Museum of Folk Life and Art), inaugurated in 1894.Outside Vienna, a number of regional/provincial museums were founded; the Joanneum in Graz/Styria (1811) being perhaps the most prominent example. The Joanneum serves as a case study, highlighting topics such as the development of a national and regional identity and private initiatives in the museum sphere. The question of the relation between region and nation, what is centre and what is periphery is important in this context. According to Raffler, these museums were Janus-faced, being both cosmopolitan and regional as the museums presented both history of humanity and nationally specific knowledge (Raffler 2007: 344f).With the disintegration of the Habsburgian monarchy, museums became state-owned. Often characterized as a time of crisis, a new self-image and identity had to be invented. The term ‘Austria’ was however, regarded with scepticism since it hitherto primarily had been associated with the dynasty of the Habsburgs. Rituals and festivities rooted in the empire had to be replaced and attempts were made to promote music as the factor that made the geographically highlyshrunken Austria into a world nation (Mattl 1995). The period also included art restoration claims, posed by former members of the multinational realm.During NS-rule, megalomaniac projects included new museums, here exemplified with plans for (but never completed) Fuehrer-museums in Linz and Vienna. Austria’s role during this period of fascism has been much disputed, affecting later plans and discussions for museum projects dealing with this period: Austria as a victim vs. Austria as willing partner? Further post-war discussions on identity include the status assigned with the signing of the state treaty in 1955 that has been endlessly celebrated; and the constructing of a tale of new beginnings forming a unifying national symbol and stepping stone for new national myths.In this paper, the question of the existence of an Austrian national museum, focusing on twentieth century history, is addressed by highlighting recent discussions surrounding the plans for a Haus der Geschichte (House of History). Until today, it is – interestingly enough – the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum (The Museum of Military History) that presents the most complete history of Austria, although ending with the end of WWII. Since the late 1990s, various proposals for a new museum have been made and the project has been intensely debated among politicians and historians. Still today, no consensus exists regarding exactly what to exhibit and why; neither is the question of where (in Vienna) such a museum should be located settled. The debates are interesting since they reveal the still-existing tensions regarding how to tackle and present central topics such as the Ständestaat (authoritarian rule 1934-38), the Austrian civil war, the Anschluß and Austria’s role during the NS-reign. Many historians fear a political instrumentalization and a toosmooth version of the violent past that constitutes one aspect of Austrian twentieth century history. Finally, Marlies Raffler has put forward an interesting thought: could it be that an Austrian national museum is equal to the sum of existing Landesmuseen (i.e. museums located in the federal states of Austria), together making up a kind of ‘disloziertes Nationalmuseum’ (dislocated Nationalmuseum) today?
|
|
| 9. |
- Broström, Tor, et al.
(författare)
-
Solar energy and cultural-heritage values
- 2011
-
Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Conference, Linköping, May 2011. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 2034-2040
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of solar energy in a building of cultural-heritage value is an issue that brings the trade-off between aspects of use and preservation to a head. A sustainable use and preservation of historic buildings requires broad and long term compromises between social, economic and environmental aspects. The objective of the present paper is to present and discuss a decision framework for such compromises regarding the use of solar energy in historic buildings.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
-
Combined solar power and TPV
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Conference proceedings WREC 2011 in Linköping, Sweden, May 8-11, 2011. - Linköping : Linköping University Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 1-4240
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper design for a combined TPV and solar power system for local heat and power production is discussed. PV cells are producing electricity when there is light, while TPV cells are used when it is dark. Biomass is combusted and the heat is generating photons for the TPV system. Higher combustion temperature will give higher electric output, but also stronger deterioration of the materials in the combustor. By combining PV-cells that will generate a lot of electric power summer time with TPV-cells that can generate electric power winter time, when we also normally have a higher heat demand, we can achieve a flexible local heat and power system all year round. As both systems generate DC-power, we also can see a potential to use DC components generally, e.g for charging batteries for electrical vehicles, DC-pumps, LED-lamps etc. Design criteria for the systems are discussed in this paper for a house that is principally self sufficient on energy. Both theoretical and practical obstacles are discussed, as there are a number of issues to solve before the technique can be used in ”real life”.
|
|
