| 1. |
- Glad, Wiktoria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Hot (water) topics : The formation of an energy issue at home
- 2017
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Ingår i: eceee 2017 Summer Study on energy efficiency. - 9789198387803 - 9789198387810 ; , s. 2069-2074
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domestic use of hot water has been identified as an urgent energy issue to address. In this paper, results from focus group interviews, with both residents and staff members, are presented. Results show that hot tap water use is differently shaped depending on whether you are a resident or a staff member. One thing in common was that in the focus groups it was difficult to separate hot tap water use from water use in general. Hot tap water use was not distinguished from use of cold tap water. To explore the issue further, the research on hot water was taken to residents’ homes and through more in-depth qualitative methods by an artist a formation process was started. Residents started to share more detailed stories about how they lived their everyday life in kitchens and bathrooms. These stories contain childhood memories and how past experience has shaped their water use and consequently their energy use patterns. The formation of this topic continued and in the artist’s interpretation of the data, three different artefacts became important: the sink, tub and toilet. These artefacts were placed in a river in the centre of a city as part of an audio walk with voices from the residents talking about their use of water. The exhibition was available during summer 2016 and the audio walk with the voices are planned to be reused and part of an exhibition in 2017.
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| 2. |
- Janda, Kathryn B., et al.
(författare)
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Making more of middles: advancing the middle-out perspective in energy system transformation
- 2019
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Ingår i: eceee 2019 Summer Study on energy efficiency: Is efficient sufficient?. - 9789198387803 - 9789198387810 ; , s. 199-204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social and technological innovations are commonly seen as either being induced from the ‘top-down’ – e.g., by policymakers – or evolving from the ‘bottom-up’ – e.g., by consumers. Instead, a ‘middle-out’ perspective (MOP) focuses on agents of change that are located in the middle, between the top and the bottom. Janda and Parag (2013) and Parag & Janda (2014) describe how middle actors include (but are not limited to) such groups as building professionals, religious congregations, and commercial property owners (Janda & Parag 2013; Parag & Janda 2014). In recent years, these and other authors have further developed the MOP to address providers of housing refurbishment (Janda, Killip & Fawcett 2014), heating engineers (Wade, Hitchings & Shipworth 2016), community-based organizations (Hamilton et al. 2014), facilities managers (Goulden & Spence 2015), social housing providers (Cauvain & Karvonen 2018), and actors involved in energy storage (Devine-Wright et al. 2017). This paper focuses on recent advances in the ‘middleout perspective’. It considers several new middle actor groups, including an energy committee for orthodox Jews in Israel (Parag 2018), code officials in India (Janda & Khosla 2018), formal social groups in Swiss cities (Blumer et al. 2018; Frick et al. 2017), professionals working with housing providers in Sweden (Reindl 2017), local authorities and delivery agents in Scotland (Bush, Wade & Webb 2018), and housing developers in the USA (Agee et al. 2018). These cases demonstrate new applications of the MOP, bring additional theoretical perspectives to bear (such as practice theory) and further develop the use of perspectives already recognized within the MOP (e.g., system of professions). By looking across these, this paper develops the MOP with respect to other work on intermediaries, professionals, and communities of practice. To increase practical use of the MOP, the paper encourages future authors to clarify both the direction and scale of middle-actor impacts.
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| 3. |
- Munkacsi, Noemi, et al.
(författare)
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The role of social influence in the end customer purchasing decisions on the heat market
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings from eceee Summer Studies. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387810 - 9789198387803
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to examine the role of social influence on the end customer behaviour in the purchase of heating products in residential segment. The study is based on interviews and questionnaire survey of homeowners in Hungary in 2013. Respondents are open to learn about diverse innovative heating technologies, energy types and diverse heating fuels irrespective of any purchase intention. They plan their purchase based on deliberate considerations rather than facing an emergency heating appliance breakdown. Furthermore, influence of the social environment prevails at the diverse stages of the purchase process. End customers actively conduct social search (family, friends, neighbours, colleagues, other customers with purchase experience over the Internet, etc.) besides the influencing role of the installer.
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| 4. |
- Sandin, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Review of evaluations of policy instruments for energy efficiency in buildings in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: eceee 2017 Summer Study on energy efficiency : Consumption, efficiency and limits - Consumption, efficiency and limits. - 9789198387803 - 9789198387810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The built environment accounts for approximately 32 % of the global final energy use but also holds great potential for energy efficiency still to be harnessed (Lucon et al., 2014). To develop innovative policies for energy efficiency that are capable of realizing transformative changes, we argue that there is an urgent need for new systemic evaluation frameworks that provide learning and knowledge on how policy initiatives provide energy efficiency in the built environment. Moreover, there is a need to understand to what extent evaluation practices today apply evaluation frameworks with a systemic and transformative approach.This paper presents a critical assessment of 30 evaluations commissioned by Swedish authorities 2005-2015 on policy instruments for energy efficiency in buildings. The assessment is based on a systemic theoretical framework developed and based on general insights from evaluation theory and transition theory. The main categories of assessment are: the data and methods applied in the evaluation, the value judgment in evaluation and the use of evaluations. The results show some important aspects of a systemic approach but also reveal room for improvements. The reviewed evaluations used multiple methods and multi-criteria analysis, providing a thorough base for evaluation. However, the design, methods and data used could be much stronger if taking a broader system approach and including aspects of side effects, attribution, rebound-effects and triangulation. The design could also more explicitly asses aspects of transitions related to visioning, experimentation and learning. The value judgment in the evaluations used one to three criteria, of which impact and effectiveness were the ones most frequently used, leaving room for further reflections and analysis. Moreover, use of the evaluations was not explicitly mentioned.
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| 5. |
- Sonnenschein, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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When prices don’t steer – mimicking ambitious carbon pricing with energy performance standards
- 2017
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Ingår i: eceee 2017 Summer Study Proceedings : Consumption, efficiency and limits - Consumption, efficiency and limits. - 2001-7960 .- 1653-7025. - 9789198387803 - 9789198387810 ; , s. 419-428
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pricing carbon is often considered to be the cornerstone of any climate policy and, at least in economic theory, it is the only policy intervention required to reach an optimal level of mitigation. In practice, various market and behavioural failures, as well as political barriers, necessitate a policy mix that also encompasses policies to induce energy efficiency and stimulate the up-take of renewable energy sources. Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) are one group of instruments to drive energy efficiency. However, MEPS are viewed very differently by different actors; some see them as complementary to carbon pricing, while others view them as market distortion. Recent studies indicate that MEPS for appliances and vehicles are currently the best performing climate policy instruments. There is a need for more research about how MEPS and carbon pricing policies interact and how they can best be combined for an effective climate policy mix. In this paper, we examine the advantages and potential of using MEPS to drive more ambitious climate policy. We first model the market price of appliances in a UK market and how life cycle costs (LCC) shift when the social cost of carbon (SCC) is factored in. We then examine how the inclusion of the SCC affects the point at which least life cycle costs (LLCC) for an appliance class are reached. We consider carbon prices ranging from the current carbon market price to high-end estimates of SCC, and then estimate the corresponding MEPS in each scenario. Finally, we discuss the implications for mixed policy design when climate change externalities are addressed primarily through MEPS, as well as the merits of such a policy approach.
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| 6. |
- Truong, Nguyen Le, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate effects of biomass use in integrated energysystems
- 2017
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Ingår i: ECEEE Summer Study proceedings 2017. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387803 - 9789198387810 ; , s. 911-920
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass is a key resource in a society based on renewable energy, but is a limited resource and the use of biomass in one sector will influence its availability for other sectors. The global energy system is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, and the climate impacts of CO2 occur regardless of the source of emissions. As a result, the climatic effects of biomass use in an energy system depend largely on which biomass feedstock and bioenergy pathway is being used, and what type of fossil fuel pathway is being replaced. In this study, we evaluate the CO2 emissions and climate effects of woody biomass and fossil fuel use. We analyse the potential production of electricity, heat or transport distance when using one kWh of woody biomass and fossil energy system designed to provide the same service to society as the most energy efficient bioenergy systems. The fuel cycle inputs are included in the analyses and are based on different state-of-the art as well as emerging technologies for energy conversion. We quantify the primary energy use and annual CO2 emission of different bioenergy and fossil alternatives. We then calculate the cumulative CO2 emission and climate effects in terms of cumulative radiative forcing for the fossil and bioenergy systems. The results show that primary energy use, CO2 emission, and cumulative radiative forcing vary strongly between the studied alternatives. The use of bioelectricity and electric vehicles instead of biomotor fuel-based vehicles gives about twice the transport distance per unit of consumed woody biomass. Integrated energy systems that supply a package of energy services including electricity, heat and transport distance reduce the primary energy use and increase the climate benefits of woody biomass. The replacement of coal for heat and electricity production by the here studied woody biomass gives large climate benefits immediately.
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| 7. |
- Östin, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Energy performance and lessons learned from detailed measurement of a passive house preschool in cold climate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Is efficient sufficient?. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387803 - 9789198387810 ; , s. 1433-1442
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public passive house buildings are rare in high northern latitudes. This study reports on extensive measurements and evaluations of the most northerly (640 N) built passive house preschool in Sweden. The two storied preschool, built in 2014, has a total heated floor area of 1407 m2. The building was certified according to the international passive house standard. The building has several smart solutions such as demand controlled ventilation of individual rooms and automatic solar shading system.Energy measurements conducted during 2017-2018 showed that the preschool annually uses 44.4 kWhm-2, which is approximately 25 % lower than the passive house requirement for energy demand. However, the annual specific space heating requirement of 15 kWhm-2 and the peak heat power demand of 10 Wm-2 were not fulfilled. This non-compliance was mainly due to excessive ventilation during the heating season which was found to have 2.7 times higher air changes than the requirement in the Swedish building code. Furthermore, the building was found to be over heated from the sun during several occasions in a year. For example, excessive indoor air temperatures in the range 28 – 31°C were found during summer.The study revealed that the default winter operation by turning off the ventilation system during nights and weekends is continued in other seasons as well. This practice was not a “smart” approach for the air handling units as it was found to be one of the reasons for high indoor temperatures during non-winter months. Also, a mismatch between the operation of the automatic shading device and the ventilation control units was noted.The investigation shows that smart technical solutions in buildings may not be able to deliver its’ promised results if such systems are not monitored, adjusted and carefully evaluated. The paper identifies areas that need attention to ensure that a public building built to passive house standard actually deliver the energy efficiency it promises.
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| 8. |
- Habibi, Shiva, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of free-floating car-sharing services in cities
- 2017
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Ingår i: ECEEE Summer Study, 29 May - 3 June, 2017. - 2001-7960. - 9789198387810 ; 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, free-floating car sharing services (FFCS) have been offered by many organizations as a more flexible option compared to traditional car sharing. FFCS allows users to pick up and return cars anywhere within a specified area of a city. FFCS can provide a high degree of utilization of vehicles and less usage of infrastructure in the form of parking lots and roads and thus has the potential to increase the efficiency of the transport sector. However, there is also a concern that these compete with other efficient modes of transport such as cycling and public transport. The aim of this paper is to better understand how, when and where the vehicles are utilized through logged data of the vehicles’ movements. We have access to data collected on FFCS services in 22 cities in Europe and North America which allows us to compare the usage pattern in different cities and examine whether or not there are similar trends. In this paper, we use the collected data to compare the different cities based on utilization rate, length of trip and time of day that the trip is made. We find that the vehicle utilization rates differ between cities with Madrid and Hamburg having some of the highest utilization levels for the FFCS vehicles. The results form a first step of a better understanding on how these services are being used and can provide valuable input to local policy makers as well as future studies such as simulation models.
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| 9. |
- Isaksson, Charlotta, 1974-
(författare)
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The neglected practice : uncertainties encountered by occupants in a new energy efficient building
- 2017
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Ingår i: eceee 2017 Summer Study proceedings: Consumption, efficiency and limits. - 9789198387810 ; , s. 1055-1062
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technical and performance related uncertainties that come with an increased number of components and system complexity are often thoroughly examined and tested in demonstration buildings. On the contrary, and despite the energy research literature stressing the importance to understand the requirements and context of the users, the uncertainties that occupants encounter while adapting to new energy efficient buildings are seldom examined and identified in depth.This paper will highlight the usefulness of seeing the technologies for buildings from the users' point of view. From a social practice perspective and the concept of domestication the paper examines various types of uncertainties encountered by occupants when managing technologies for buildings, such as bedrock heat pump, photovoltaic panels and LED-lighting, in a new energy efficient house.The result demonstrates that it is demanding and tiresome to tackle uncertainties and learn how to handle technologies for building, as well as to contact professionals for support. It might in fact be more convenient to "leave it as it is", with the consequences that no one is managing the technologies. Instead of assuming that carrying out this practice is straightforward, it would be better to work on an approach where this is not the case. In fact, the later approach creates much better conditions for extended learning and product development than the former.
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| 10. |
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