| 1. |
- Borell, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Less is more - Some cautions regarding mindless use of ICT in emergency management
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of TIEMS 22nd annual conference. - 9789490297138
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emergency management practice can be supported by ICT in many ways, and numerous ICT-based systems are available that offer support in the different phases of emergency management. Yet, many such systems do not provide as much support to emergency management as expected or wished for. In some situations they may even compromise emergency management performance, due to suboptimal adaptation to the people who use them. This paper describes aspects of human functioning that should be considered in the design of ICT-based emergency management support systems, and points out why they matter. This is illustrated with examples of GIS in emergency management. The paper also briefly sketches how better adjustment to end users can be incorporated into the design of ICT-based systems for emergency management support. It is recommended that human factors are properly considered in both the design and operational phases of ICT-based emergency management support systems, which can be realized through cooperation between experts in emergency management, human factors and GIS.
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| 2. |
- Ding, Jianguo, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Threat Modeling for CPS-based Critical Infrastructure Protection
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society (TIEMS), 22nd TIEMS Annual Conference. - Brussels : TIEMS, The International Emergency Management Society. - 9789490297138
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the evolution of modern Critical Infrastructures (CI), more Cyber-Physical systems are integrated into the traditional CIs. This makes the CIs a multidimensional complex system, which is characterized by integrating cyber-physical systems into CI sectors (e.g., transportation, energy or food & agriculture). This integration creates complex interdependencies and dynamics among the system and its components. We suggest using a model with a multi-dimensional operational specification to allow detection of operational threats. Embedded (and distributed) information systems are critical parts of the CI where disruption can lead to serious consequences. Embedded information system protection is therefore crucial. As there are many different stakeholders of a CI, comprehensive protection must be viewed as a cross-sector activity to identify and monitor the critical elements, evaluate and determine the threat, and eliminate potential vulnerabilities in the CI. A systematic approach to threat modeling is necessary to support the CI threat and vulnerability assessment. We suggest a Threat Graph Model (TGM) to systematically model the complex CIs. Such modeling is expected to help the understanding of the nature of a threat and its impact on throughout the system. In order to handle threat cascading, the model must capture local vulnerabilities as well as how a threat might propagate to other components. The model can be used for improving the resilience of the CI by encouraging a design that enhances the system's ability to predict threats and mitigate their damages. This paper surveys and investigates the various threats and current approaches to threat modeling of CI. We suggest integrating both a vulnerability model and an attack model, and we incorporate the interdependencies within CI cross CI sectors. Finally, we present a multi-dimensional threat modeling approach for critical infrastructure protection.
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