| 1. |
- Alkusaibati, Wael, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalized Co-production and Volunteerism in Emergency Response: a Literature Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 738-750
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ICT-enabled or digitalized co-production of public services has become increasingly relevant to emergency response and crisis management. This study provides a literature review on this phenomenon, exploring both large-scale crises and frequent emergencies. We found that research in the domain is scarce and focuses mainly on the phenomenon in terms of digital volunteerism. In large-scale crises, they mostly refer to spontaneous forms of volunteering, and in smaller emergencies, to more organized volunteers that collaborate with a response organization over time. Similarities to digitalized co-production in the public sector generally include financial, administrative, ICT, and demographic factors. Differences include, e.g., aspects of coordination, support, and processing by formal actors. We argue that there are benefits of adding a theoretical co-production perspective to digital volunteerism in emergency response and that our literature review can guide future research on models and (the double) use of volunteers in both kinds of emergencies.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Building capacity – conceptualizing Training of Trainers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Information Systems of Crisis Response And Management. - Omaha. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 701-710
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many organizations train and educate their staff to prepare for crisis. One approach is train-the-trainer (ToT;Training of trainers) concept. It is based on the idea that someone can be trained as a trainer, who in turn traintheir colleagues. The philosophy resembles a pyramid scheme that allows for a fast and efficient spread ofknowledge and skills. This study focused on perceptions of the ToT concept through interviews with ToT trainers.Two learning theories, organizational learning (4I) and experiential learning theory (ELT) were used toconceptualize the ToT-concept. It was found that the ToT-concept can be used as the method to conduct ELT toachieve organizational learning and knowledge (4I). Furthermore, the study also presents how participantsperceives ToT using thematic analysis. This resulted in four themes: Common understanding of ToT, Learn-by-doing, No grounding in ToT, and Difficult to ensure quality.
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| 3. |
- Borglund, Erik A. M., 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Active shooter events, a challenge
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 1051-1058
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An active shooter event is one of the most complicated situations a police officer could face. Today the standard procedure for an active shooter event is to enter the scene and try to prevent casualties. This involves taking great risks and puts the police officers in a situation they have not been trained for. This is a work in progress paper where the long-term goal is to develop modern technology that could increase the chance of saving lives and decrease the risk of being injured or killed during an active shooter event. Six active shooter event exercises taking place in Sweden have been studied using an ethnographic field study approach. Four themes have been identified where we argue that technology could enhance the police mission: A) Situational awareness; B) Decision making/prioritization; C) Localization of both sound and people; D) Decreasing time of intervention.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Is this a date? – New perspectives on ICT for harmonized inter-organizationalcrisis management
- 2023
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Ingår i: Information Systems for Criris Management and Response. - : ISCRAM Digital Library. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 67-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we challenge common conceptions related to the role and development of information andcommunication technology (ICT) for crisis management. Based on an understanding of inter-organizational crisismanagement as self-organizing through processes of harmonization in complex adaptive systems, ICT ispositioned as an enabler in the bridging of social and organizational boundaries. In this view, the primaryrequirements for ICT in inter-organizational settings are defined by current information sharing needs, which arecontinuously changing with the context and co-working partners. From this understanding of inter-organizationalrelations in crisis management, this paper suggests two complementary approaches to ICT focusing on policyadjustment and training that supports adaptive organizational capabilities and utilization of easily availablecommercial ICT. The ideas put forth in this paper are intended to add perspectives and spark discussions on ICTfor crisis management.
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| 5. |
- Pettersson, Marjorie, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Risk Analysis Method for Systems of Systems : A Case Study on Wildfire Rescue Operations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proc. Int. ISCRAM Conf.. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 530-545, s. 530-545
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crisis management (CM) is facing new challenges due to the increasing complexity of contemporary society. To mitigate a crisis, it is often necessary for a collection of independent systems, people, and organizations to cooperate. These collaborating entities constitute an interconnected socio-technical system of systems (SoS). An important question is how a CM SoS should be constructed to minimize the risk of failure and accurately handle a crisis. SoS pose new challenges in analysing risk during interactions. This paper investigates whether the risk analysis method STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes) is suitable for SoS, using a forest fire rescue operation case study. Results show characteristics of various risk sources and identify some SoS characteristics, such as dynamic structure and latent risks, that are not sufficiently handled in STAMP. The study further contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting potential directions for research on SoS risk assessment methods.
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| 6. |
- Radianti, Jaziar, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing Learning from Incidents by Reconstruction of Events: Using the SQUARE Tool for Evaluation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 663-675
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ICT-enabled or digitalized co-production of public services has become increasingly relevant to emergency response and crisis management. This study provides a literature review on this phenomenon, exploring both large-scale crises and frequent emergencies. We found that research in the domain is scarce and focuses mainly on the phenomenon in terms of digital volunteerism. In large-scale crises, they mostly refer to spontaneous forms of volunteering, and in smaller emergencies, to more organized volunteers that collaborate with a response organization over time. Similarities to digitalized co-production in the public sector generally include financial, administrative, ICT, and demographic factors. Differences include, e.g., aspects of coordination, support, and processing by formal actors. We argue that there are benefits of adding a theoretical co-production perspective to digital volunteerism in emergency response and that our literature review can guide future research on models and (the double) use of volunteers in both kinds of emergencies.
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