| 1. |
- Ängskog, Per, 1964-
(författare)
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Protection of Complex Infrastructure Systems against Intentional Electromagnetic Interference
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the effects of, and defense against, antagonistic attacks using Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) are treated; especially when targeting infrastructure critical to society (CI).IEMI as a means to disturb or destroy electronic equipment draws its roots from military methods to interrupt or interfere with enemy activities. Especially since the end of the cold war these methods have been adopted by various criminal groups and have been utilized on several occasions. How often and the severity of the outcome is difficult to know since it is difficult to understand whether it is IEMI or something else that causes disturbances in computers, networks, sensors, and other types of electronic equipment. Contributing to this is the fact that IEMI does notl eave any viable forensic evidence when used. This, together with low interest in reporting security flaws publicly suggests that the number of incidents is underreported. Although not a large-scale problem, it could be devastating for the trust in the society’s ability to defend itself and its citizens. As IEMI as an antagonistic method has the capacity to interrupt the function of CIs, the need for protective measures has been raised by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB). Few reported cases, together with the antagonistic nature of the threat, render probabilistic risk analysis inadequate for the defense of infrastructures critical to society. Instead, a shift towards resilience engineering and vulnerability analysis is suggested to manage these antagonistic threats. As part of building protection improvement, the shielding efficiency of different generations of windows and panes has been measured and analyzed.
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| 2. |
- Ängskog, Per, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience to Intentional Electromagnetic Interference Is Required for Connected Autonomous Vehicles
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility (Print). - : IEEE. - 0018-9375 .- 1558-187X. ; 61:5, s. 1552-1559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) will never be completely autonomous; on the contrary, it will be heavily dependent on so-called vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) for its function. To deserve the trust of the general public, the vehicles as well as the intelligent transport system (ITS) infrastructure must be able to handle not only natural disturbances but also attacks of malicious nature. In this paper, we discuss the effects of antagonistic attacks using intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) and how the antagonistic nature of the threat renders probabilistic risk analysis inadequate for the defense of the vehicles and the infrastructure. Instead, we propose a shift toward resilience engineering and vulnerability analysis to manage antagonistic threats. Finally, we also give two examples of possible scenarios to illustrate the type of situations a CAV must be able to handle.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Chilo, José, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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EMI disruptive effect on wireless industrial communication systems in a paper plant
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proc. IEEE EMC Symp. Austin-Texas. - 9781424442669 ; , s. 221-224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that industrial and factory environments present considerable challenges for wireless communications. Because every industrial environment is different, and may offer a unique set of obstacles to effective wireless communication, a site characterization is needed at first step in determining improvements of existent wireless technologies to increase the reliability. In this work electric field strength and APD measurements have been performed to characterize electromagnetic interference in an industrial paper plant. Common characteristics of the industrial environments affecting wireless communication were identified. Additionally, results show high interference levels at the frequencies for the DECT band 1880-1890 MHz. The interference level is correlated to the working mode of the electrical engines used in the process.
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| 6. |
- Chilo, José, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Impulsive noise measurement methodologies for APD determination in M2M environments
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proc. IEEE EMC Symp. Austin-Texas. - 9781424442669 ; , s. 151-154
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless communications in industrial environments are maintained under persistent adverse conditions, such as noise, fading and many electromagnetic interference sources. These electromagnetic interferences exhibit usually impulsive characteristics and it can seriously degrade the performance of the current wireless systems. Over the last few years, the amplitude probability distribution (APD) had been formally written into CISPR16 as a measure of the emitted electromagnetic energy from electrical equipment. In this approach we present two APD measurement methods. The first method based on 12-bit A/D converter and the second one based on in-phase and quadrature components of the impulsive noise at frequencies between 20 and 3000 MHz. Electromagnetic interference measurements in three different industrial environments were performed using the developed methods with promising results.
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| 7. |
- Cronhjort, Mikael, PhD, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Efforts to improve attractiveness of lower level engineering education (concept)
- 2022
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Ingår i: SEFI 2022 - 50th Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education, Proceedings. - Barcelona : Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ; , s. 1104-1112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are nine study programmes awarding the degree bachelor in engineering (högskoleingenjör) at the University of Gävle. Some of these have only a few applicants, even though the graduates are appreciated by a relatively large regional primary and secondary sector industry. A major revision of the programmes is planned. One objective is to increase the attractiveness of the programmes. In the revised programmes, students are proposed to study most courses together during the first year of study, even if they belong to different engineering specializations. This is intended to improve the study environment. Students in programmes with low numbers of applicants will become part of a richer and livelier student collective. However, the attractiveness could further be problematized by asking to whom higher education is attractive. A special focus will be on increasing the admission of students from groups in society that have been underrepresented in higher education. More specifically this may be linked to individual factors such as the educational level of parents, family income, immigrational background and geography. There may also be societal explanations in traditions of gendered professions. Engineering programmes, and especially some of the specializations at the university, are dominated by male students. This study focuses on how universities can take action to further increase the attractiveness of the engineering programmes, with a special regard to groups that are known to be underrepresented among the students.
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| 8. |
- Ferrer-Coll, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of wireless communications in underground tunnels for industrial use
- 2012
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Ingår i: IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. - New York : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467324212 - 9781467324199 ; , s. 3216-3220
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless communication is expected to improve the safety and the productivity in underground tunnels for industrial use. However the multiple shapes and structures of tunnels affect wireless communication characteristics in terms of signal propagation which is significantly different from terrestrial environments. This paper presents comprehensive broadband measurements and simulations of multipath propagation and path loss in two underground environments. The results can be used in the development of new communication systems in tunnels that provide industrial services.
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| 9. |
- Ferrer-Coll, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Antenna Cross Correlation and Ricean -Factor Measurements in Indoor Industrial Environments at 433 and 868 MHz
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wireless personal communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-6212 .- 1572-834X. ; 73:3, s. 587-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ricean K-factor and antenna diversity properties for indoor industrial environments have been characterized for 433 and 868 MHz. The high amount of metallic structures gives a multipath environment that heavily differs from other environments e.g. indoor office environments. The results show that low correlation between receiving antennas can be achieved for shorter antenna distances than in other environments.
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| 10. |
- Ferrer-Coll, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of highly absorbent and highly reflective radio wave propagation environments in industrial applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: IET COMMUNICATIONS. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8628 .- 1751-8636. ; 6:15, s. 2404-2412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experience has shown that Bluetooth, Wireless LAN (WLAN), Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) and other Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band wireless technologies developed for office use, have encountered problems when used in critical industrial applications. The development of more reliable wireless solutions requires extensive knowledge of industrial environments with regards to both electromagnetic interference and wave propagation. This study presents the results of the analysis of two important classes of industrial environments having opposite characteristics, one being highly absorbent and the other being highly reflective, with respect to radio wave propagation. The analysis comprises both multipath and path loss characterisation. The results show that wireless solutions with different fundamental properties must be chosen for each of these environments to ensure high reliability. The conclusions of this work can be used as an important reference for further research in this area, as well as the design of new standards and guidelines for selecting wireless solutions in similar industrial environment classes.
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