| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Magnusson, Petra, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Texts, information and multimodality in the digital age : towards sustained and composite MIL in education
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For this presentation, we have compiled seven studies from primary to higher education. Thepurpose is to illuminate affordances the digital and multimodal text landscape impose onteachers and students. The Swedish curriculum (revised 2017) aims to strengthen students’digital competences towards understanding effects on society, using and understanding digitaltools and media, applying a critical and responsible approach and solving problems andapplying ideas creatively. This recent curricular revision puts emphasis on work withinteractive texts, texts created in collaboration with others, texts where words, images andsound interact, democracy and public opinion in social media, responsible use of language indigital media, understanding how information can be controlled by underlying algorithms,distinguishing between sources of information and interests behind them, boundary betweenfreedom of expression and social media violations, impact of digitalization on labor market,attitudes and values. Obviously, the technology brings new opportunities to the classroomfostering responsible and equitable access to information and knowledge and with thatrequirements to develop MIL skills to understand information and multimodal texts andnavigate safely in an increasingly complex society. As future citizens, students need to be ableto design texts, read to find and evaluate multimodal information. Consequently, students needinstructions and strategies to develop MIL and relevant digital text competences. How doteachers and students meet these expectations and requirements on MIL?A crucial feature, which has been shown in several studies including ours, displays that bothteachers and students need to develop knowledge of and a language for the phenomena that arecurrently outside what is traditionally covered by the school subjects. Further, teachers needtools attuned to new grading and assessment criteria, in order to support students in evaluatingand interpreting information and designing multimodal texts. Students, in turn, need strategiesand instructions on how to evaluate and interpret information to avoid superficial, misguidedor mechanical processing of information. They need to develop a broad understanding of visual,auditory and other modal representations and develop strategies for navigating and interpretingmultimodal text design. We have also found that teachers, regardless of grade or subject,experience difficulties to relate students’ digital text competences to the knowledgerequirements in curricula that to a large extent emphasize verbal language (i.e. speech andwriting). This may explain some of our results showing that other ways of expressing meaning(i.e. images and sound) tend to be overlooked or downplayed in assessment of students’ texts.Without teachers valuing non-verbal language, students will not access and engage incontemporary media and texts which implies lack of opportunities to develop MIL needed asfuture, critical and engaging citizens. We contend that the competence to design digital texts isthe other side of the coin of evaluating and reading information. We want especially highlightthe value of understanding the multimodal aspects of digital texts for teachers’ and students’critical access, use, and participation in the flow of information as a means to realize rights tofreedom of information and expression.
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| 3. |
- Magnusson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
Texts, information and multimodality in the digital age : towards sustained and composite MIL in education
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For this presentation, we have compiled seven studies from primary to higher education. Thepurpose is to illuminate affordances the digital and multimodal text landscape impose onteachers and students. The Swedish curriculum (revised 2017) aims to strengthen students’digital competences towards understanding effects on society, using and understanding digitaltools and media, applying a critical and responsible approach and solving problems andapplying ideas creatively. This recent curricular revision puts emphasis on work withinteractive texts, texts created in collaboration with others, texts where words, images andsound interact, democracy and public opinion in social media, responsible use of language indigital media, understanding how information can be controlled by underlying algorithms,distinguishing between sources of information and interests behind them, boundary betweenfreedom of expression and social media violations, impact of digitalization on labor market,attitudes and values. Obviously, the technology brings new opportunities to the classroomfostering responsible and equitable access to information and knowledge and with thatrequirements to develop MIL skills to understand information and multimodal texts andnavigate safely in an increasingly complex society. As future citizens, students need to be ableto design texts, read to find and evaluate multimodal information. Consequently, students needinstructions and strategies to develop MIL and relevant digital text competences. How doteachers and students meet these expectations and requirements on MIL?A crucial feature, which has been shown in several studies including ours, displays that bothteachers and students need to develop knowledge of and a language for the phenomena that arecurrently outside what is traditionally covered by the school subjects. Further, teachers needtools attuned to new grading and assessment criteria, in order to support students in evaluatingand interpreting information and designing multimodal texts. Students, in turn, need strategiesand instructions on how to evaluate and interpret information to avoid superficial, misguidedor mechanical processing of information. They need to develop a broad understanding of visual,auditory and other modal representations and develop strategies for navigating and interpretingmultimodal text design. We have also found that teachers, regardless of grade or subject,experience difficulties to relate students’ digital text competences to the knowledgerequirements in curricula that to a large extent emphasize verbal language (i.e. speech andwriting). This may explain some of our results showing that other ways of expressing meaning(i.e. images and sound) tend to be overlooked or downplayed in assessment of students’ texts.Without teachers valuing non-verbal language, students will not access and engage incontemporary media and texts which implies lack of opportunities to develop MIL needed asfuture, critical and engaging citizens. We contend that the competence to design digital texts isthe other side of the coin of evaluating and reading information. We want especially highlightthe value of understanding the multimodal aspects of digital texts for teachers’ and students’critical access, use, and participation in the flow of information as a means to realize rights tofreedom of information and expression.
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| 4. |
- Åberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A Repetitive DNA Element Regulates Expression of the Helicobacter pylori Sialic Acid Binding Adhesin by a Rheostat-like Mechanism
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During persistent infection, optimal expression of bacterial factors is required to match the ever-changing host environment. The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has a large set of simple sequence repeats (SSR), which constitute contingency loci. Through a slipped strand mispairing mechanism, the SSRs generate heterogeneous populations that facilitate adaptation. Here, we present a model that explains, in molecular terms, how an intergenically located T-tract, via slipped strand mispairing, operates with a rheostat-like function, to fine-tune activity of the promoter that drives expression of the sialic acid binding adhesin, SabA. Using T-tract variants, in an isogenic strain background, we show that the length of the T-tract generates multiphasic output from the sabA promoter. Consequently, this alters the H. pylori binding to sialyl-Lewis x receptors on gastric mucosa. Fragment length analysis of post-infection isolated clones shows that the T-tract length is a highly variable feature in H. pylori. This mirrors the host-pathogen interplay, where the bacterium generates a set of clones from which the best-fit phenotypes are selected in the host. In silico and functional in vitro analyzes revealed that the length of the T-tract affects the local DNA structure and thereby binding of the RNA polymerase, through shifting of the axial alignment between the core promoter and UP-like elements. We identified additional genes in H. pylori, with T- or A-tracts positioned similar to that of sabA, and show that variations in the tract length likewise acted as rheostats to modulate cognate promoter output. Thus, we propose that this generally applicable mechanism, mediated by promoter-proximal SSRs, provides an alternative mechanism for transcriptional regulation in bacteria, such as H. pylori, which possesses a limited repertoire of classical trans-acting regulatory factors.
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| 5. |
- Åberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori adapts to chronic infection and gastric disease via ph-responsive baba-mediated adherence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Host and Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 21:3, s. 376-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The BabA adhesin mediates high-affinity binding of Helicobacter pylori to the ABO blood group antigen-glycosylated gastric mucosa. Here we show that BabA is acid responsive-binding is reduced at low pH and restored by acid neutralization. Acid responsiveness differs among strains; often correlates with different intragastric regions and evolves during chronic infection and disease progression; and depends on pH sensor sequences in BabA and on pH reversible formation of high-affinity binding BabA multimers. We propose that BabA's extraordinary reversible acid responsiveness enables tight mucosal bacterial adherence while also allowing an effective escape from epithelial cells and mucus that are shed into the acidic bactericidal lumen and that bio-selection and changes in BabA binding properties through mutation and recombination with babA-related genes are selected by differences among individuals and by changes in gastric acidity over time. These processes generate diverse H. pylori subpopulations, in which BabA's adaptive evolution contributes to H. pylori persistence and overt gastric disease.
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| 6. |
- Cedervall, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Testing in the Assessment of Cognitive Function : A Mixed Methods Observational Study for Development of the UDDGait Protocol
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New methods to screen for and identify early-stage dementia disorders are highly sought after. The purpose of this pilot study is to develop a study protocol for a dual-task test aimed at aiding the early detection of dementia disorders. We used the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, which is a mobility task involving starting in a sitting position, standing up, walking three meters to cross a line on the floor, turning around, walking back and sitting down again. We combined TUG with the verbal task of naming different animals. Pilot study participants were 43 individuals with and without established dementia diagnoses who attended a clinic for memory assessment. Video-recorded test performances were systematically analysed. Deviant test performances concerning the interplay between test administration and participants' responses to the assessment instructions were revealed and led to refinements being made to the final study protocol. Exploration of the dual-task test outcome measures in a sub-sample of 22 persons, ten with and twelve without dementia, indicated that step-length and number of named animals after the turning point of the dual-task test might constitute appropriate measures for examining this kind of sample. We concluded that the refined study protocol is feasible for testing individuals undergoing initial memory assessments and healthy controls. Follow-up studies with larger samples are being carried out and will bring new knowledge to this area of research. It may also provide an opportunity for further studies exploring possibilities for broad clinical implementation.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Ameliorating Child poverty through Connecting Economic Services with child health Services (ACCESS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the healthier wealthier families model in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSweden is often held up as an example of a country with low child deprivation; yet, rates of relative deprivation are rising. Every municipality in Sweden is required to provide free, timely and accessible budget and debt counselling under the Social Services Act. The services have been encouraged to perform preventative practice with families; however, this has not been realised. The Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) model embeds universal screening for economic hardship into child health services and creates a referral pathway to economic support services. Given the universal child health system in Sweden, which is freely available and has excellent coverage of the child population, implementation of the HWF model has potential to support families to access the freely available municipal budget and debt counselling and ultimately improve rates of child deprivation in Sweden.Methods/designWe will conduct a two-arm randomised waitlist-control superiority trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HWF model in the Sweden. A longitudinal follow-up with the cohort will explore whether any effects are maintained in the longer-term.DiscussionHWF is a collaborative and sustainable model that could maximise the effectiveness of current services to address child deprivation in Sweden. The study outlined in this protocol is the first effectiveness evaluation of the HWF model in Sweden and is a crucial step before HWF can be recommended for national implementation within the child health services.
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| 8. |
- Kim, Jeong-Lim, et al.
(författare)
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Fish consumption and school grades in Swedish adolescents: a study of the large general population.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 1651-2227. ; 99, s. 72-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the associations between fish intake and academic achievement as cognitive parameter among Swedish adolescents. METHODS: In 2000, a questionnaire including respiratory items, socioeconomic conditions and dietary information was mailed to all schoolchildren (n = 18 158), aged 15 and living in Västra Götaland region of Sweden. The questionnaire was returned by 10 837 subjects. One year later, the total school grades for each subject who had completed the questionnaire and who included their full personal identification number were obtained from the national registers. Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate the association between fish intake and academic grades among 9448 schoolchildren, while adjusting for potential confounders, e.g. parents' education. RESULTS: Grades were higher in subjects with fish consumption once a week compared with subjects with fish consumption of less than once a week (reference group) [increment in estimate 14.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.8-17.1]. Grades were even higher in subjects with fish consumption of more than once a week compared with the reference group (increment in estimate 19.9, 95% CI 16.5-23.3). In the model stratified for parents' education, there were still higher grades among subjects with frequent fish intake in all educational strata (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Frequent fish intake among schoolchildren may provide benefits in terms of academic achievement.
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| 9. |
- Lundell, Anna-Carin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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High circulating immunoglobulin A levels in infants are associated with intestinal toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and a lower frequency of eczema.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2222. ; 39:5, s. 662-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intestinal bacteria trigger IgA production and delayed maturation of mucosal IgA response is linked to allergy development. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate if plasma levels of IgA or APRIL (a proliferation inducing ligand), an important factor for IgA class switch recombination, in infancy correlates with intestinal colonization by any specific bacteria or yeast. We also examined if plasma IgA or APRIL levels are related to sensitization and the development of eczema. METHODS: IgA was quantified in plasma obtained from infants at birth and at 4 and 18 months of age and APRIL was measured at 4 months of age. Colonization by major bacterial groups and yeast was followed in the first 8 weeks of life by quantitative culture of stool samples. A clinical evaluation regarding the presence of allergen-specific IgE or eczema and eosinophil counts in blood was performed at 18 months of age. RESULTS: In multiple linear regression analysis, only colonization by Staphylococcus aureus strains producing toxins with superantigen function (SEA-D or TSST-1) made an independent contribution to plasma IgA levels at 4 months of age. Further, increased levels of APRIL in plasma at 4 months were negatively associated with sensitization while IgA plasma levels were inversely correlated to eczema development and blood eosinophil counts at 18 months of age. CONCLUSION: Early intestinal colonization by toxigenic S. aureus strains seems to promote systemic IgA responses. Furthermore, high levels of APRIL and IgA in the circulation at 4 months of age seem to correlate negatively with allergy development.
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| 10. |
- Lundell, Anna-Carin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Increased levels of circulating soluble CD14 but not CD83 in infants are associated with early intestinal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clin Exp Allergy. ; 37:1, s. 62-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Soluble forms of the monocyte marker CD14 and the mature dendritic cell marker CD83 are plasma proteins with immunoregulatory functions. The physiological stimulus for their production is unclear and their possible role in allergy development is unknown. METHODS: We measured the plasma levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and soluble CD83 (sCD83) in 64 Swedish children in relation to intestinal bacterial colonization pattern in a prospective birth cohort. Soluble CD14 and sCD83 levels were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in plasma obtained at birth and at 4, 18 and 36 months of age. All major aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were quantified in faecal samples obtained regularly over the first 8 weeks of life. Clinical allergy and IgE levels were evaluated at 18 months of age. RESULTS: Soluble CD14 in plasma increased during the first 18 months of life while sCD83 peaked at 4 months of age. Children who were perinatally colonized with Staphylococcus aureus had significantly higher levels of sCD14 in plasma at 4 months of age relative to non-colonized children. The levels of sCD14 were unrelated to colonization with Escherichia coli, other enterobacteria, enterococci, clostridia, Bacteroides, bifidobacteria or lactobacilli. Further, children with food allergy by 18 months tended to have lower levels of sCD14 than healthy children. Plasma levels of sCD83 were not related to either bacterial colonization pattern or allergy development. CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal colonization with S. aureus may trigger the occurrence of sCD14 in plasma, which may influence development of the infantile immune system and risk of allergy development.
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