| 1. |
- Davis, Paul A., et al.
(författare)
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Examining the influence of smartphone use on time perception during exercise
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP). - : Human Kinetics. - 0895-2779 .- 1543-2904. ; 46:S1, s. S67-S67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the influence of smartphone use on time perception during exercise. Twenty-four physically active participants (16 females, MVO2max = 43.0 ml/kg/min; 8 males, MVO2max = 56.9 ml/kg/min; Mage = 24.40, SD = 4.35) completed an experimental study comprised of randomized conditions alternating between cycling at a hard intensity and seated rest, whilst their smartphone was: a) used to view ‘Tik Tok’ videos; b) present but not viewed; or c) out of sight. In each condition participants were asked to verbally produce a target amount of time (i.e., 37s) during the trial and upon its completion estimate the duration of the trial (i.e., 330s). Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated smartphones significantly affected participants’ perception of time during and following intervals of cycling and rest. Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests showed that the time production during cycling viewing was significantly shorter when watching videos compared to when the phone was present but not viewed (Mdiff = −6.19, p = .012), 95% CI [−11.2, −1.17], as well as when the phone was out of sight (Mdiff = −4.65, p = .022), 95% CI, [−8.72, −.575]. Following each condition participants estimated the duration of the trial was less time than actual chronometric time, a significant effect of the smartphone conditions was observed F(2, 44) = 7.10, p = .002, ηp2 = .24, although not of physical activity F(1, 23) = 3.33, p = .08, ηp2 = .13. Participants were more accurate in estimating the duration of the trial when they viewed videos on their smartphone. The results of the present study suggest that viewing videos on a smartphone can induce participants to perceive time passing more quickly during exercise, and upon completion of the physical activity judge the duration of exercise to be less than reality.
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| 2. |
- Dynesius, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Microclimatic buffering by logging residues and forest edges reduces clear-cutting impacts on forest bryophytes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Vegetation Science. - : Wiley. - 1402-2001 .- 1654-109X. ; 11:3, s. 345-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Question: The practice of extracting logging residues after clear-cutting for bioenergy purposes is spreading. Logging residues constitute a shelter in clear-cut areas and therefore concerns have been expressed that their removal could make the ground and its vegetation more exposed to extreme micro¬climatic conditions. We asked whether logging residues and forest edges can protect ground-dwelling forest bryophytes from fatal microclimate events following clear-cutting.Location: Boreal forests of central Sweden.Methods: Using transplants of eight forest floor bryophyte species we experimentally analysed the sheltering effect (less solar radiation and less wind) of logging residues and forest edges in seven clear-cut areas. Transplants were placed in two contrasting positions in each area; near a north-facing forest edge and in the centre of the clear-cut area. In each position, half of the transplants were covered by a layer of spruce branches and the other half was left uncovered. We estimated proportion of apparently living shoots (apparent vitality) and measured radial growth of transplants during one growing season.Results: Position in the clear-cut area, but not cover of spruce branches, clearly influenced radial growth. Vitality scores were higher among transplants covered with branches and the lowest apparent vitality was observed in uncovered transplants in the middle of clear-cut areas. The change in area of apparently liv¬ing shoots during the course of the experiment (growth minus mortality) was unaffected by branch cover close to the edge but positively affected in the centre of the clear-cut area. In general, the effect of branch cover on bryophytes was higher in the centre of clear-cut areas. Here, climatic measurements showed that branch cover buffers during periods of extreme microclimates.Conclusions: Extraction of logging residues after clear-felling may reduce the survival of some ground-dwelling forest organisms. The additional sheltering provided by branches was unimportant close to forest edges. We suggest smaller clear-cut areas, green-tree retention and other ways to make logged areas shadier and less windy to mitigate the reduced shelter caused by harvest of logging residues.
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| 3. |
- Eze-Nliam, Chete, et al.
(författare)
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Endurance exercise in seniors: Tonic, toxin or neither?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 40:5, s. 320-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Cardiac adaptation to sustained exercise in the athletes is established. However, exercise-associated effect on the cardiac function of the elderly has to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyse left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) characteristics at different levels of chronic exercise in the senior heart.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 178 participants in the World Senior Games (mean age 68 ± 8 years, 86 were men; 48%). Three groups were defined based on the type and intensity of sports: low-, moderate- and high-intensity level. Exclusion criteria were coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease or uncontrolled hypertension. LV and RV size and function were evaluated with an echocardiogram.RESULTS: LV trans-mitral inflow deceleration time decreased in parallel to the intensity of chronic exercise: 242 ± 54 ms in low-, 221 ± 52 ms in moderate- and 215 ± 58 ms in high-intensity level, p = .03. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) was larger in high-intensity group, p = .001. The LAVI remained significantly larger when adjusting for age, gender, heart rate, hypertension and diabetes (p = .002). LV and RV sizes were larger in the high-intensity group. LV ejection fraction and RV systolic function evaluated by tissue Doppler velocity, atrioventricular plane displacement and strain did not differ between groups.CONCLUSION: Left ventricular diastolic filling is not only preserved, but may also be enhanced in long-term, top-level senior athletes. Moreover, LV and RV systolic function remain unchanged at different levels of exercise. This supports the beneficial effects of endurance exercise participation in senior hearts.
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| 4. |
- Hedström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Peak CKMB and cTnT accurately estimates myocardial infarct size after reperfusion
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scand Cardiovasc J.. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 41:1, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To find the time-to-peak for creatine kinase MB(mass) (CKMB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) after acute reperfusion, to compare peak and cumulative values to estimate infarct size (IS), and to evaluate clinical routine sampling for assessment of IS. DESIGN: Acute primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 38 patients with first-time myocardial infarction. In 21 patients, CKMB and cTnT were acquired before PCI and at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 hours thereafter. In 17 patients, clinical routine samples were acquired at arrival, and at 10 and 20 h. IS was assessed by delayed contrast-enhanced MRI (DE-MRI). RESULTS: Time-to-peak was 7.6+/-3.6 h for CKMB and 8.1+/-3.4 h for cTnT. Peak values correlated strongly to cumulative values (r(s)=0.97-0.98) as well as to DE-MRI (r(s)=0.8-0.82). Clinical routine sampling showed lower rs values (0.47-0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Peak values are likely captured if CKMB and cTnT are acquired at 3, 6, and 12 h after acute PCI. These peak values can be used to estimate myocardial infarct size after acute PCI
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Smooth pursuit detection in binocular eye-tracking data with automatic video-based performance evaluation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Vision. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 1534-7362. ; 16:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing number of researchers record binocular eye-tracking signals from participants viewing moving stimuli, but the majority of event-detection algorithms are monocular and do not consider smooth pursuit movements. The purposes of the present study are to develop an algorithm that discriminates between fixations and smooth pursuit movements in binocular eye-tracking signals and to evaluate its performance using an automated video-based strategy. The proposed algorithm uses a clustering approach that takes both spatial and temporal aspects of the binocular eyetracking signal into account, and is evaluated using a novel video-based evaluation strategy based on automatically detected moving objects in the video stimuli. The binocular algorithm detects 98% of fixations in image stimuli compared to 95% when only one eye is used, while for video stimuli, both the binocular and monocular algorithms detect around 40% of smooth pursuit movements. The present article shows that using binocular information for discrimination of fixations and smooth pursuit movements is advantageous in static stimuli, without impairing the algorithm's ability to detect smooth pursuit movements in video and movingdot stimuli. With an automated evaluation strategy, time-consuming manual annotations are avoided and a larger amount of data can be used in the evaluation process.
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| 6. |
- Mathurin, Frédéric A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of tunnel excavation on source and mixing of groundwater in a coastal granitoidic fracture network.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 46:23, s. 12779-12786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess how the excavation of the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory tunnel has impacted on sources and mixing of groundwater in fractured crystalline (granitoidic) bedrock. The tunnel is 3600 m long and extends to a depth of 460 m at a coastal site in Boreal Europe. The study builds on a unique data set consisting of 1117 observations on chloride and δ(18)O of groundwater collected from a total of 356 packed-off fractures between 1987 and 2011. On the basis of the values of these two variables in selected source waters, a classification system was developed to relate the groundwater observations to source and postinfiltration mixing phenomena. The results show that the groundwater has multiple sources and a complex history of transport and mixing, and is composed of at least glacial water, marine water, recent meteoric water, and an old saline water. The tunnel excavation has had a large impact on flow, sources, and mixing of the groundwater. Important phenomena include upflow of deep-lying saline water, extensive intrusion of current Baltic Sea water, and substantial temporal variability of chloride and δ(18)O in many fractures.
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| 7. |
- Mathurin, Frédéric A.
(författare)
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Origin and mobility of major and key trace elements (Cs, YREEs) in fracture groundwater in the upper 1.2 kilometres of coastal granitoids : Implications for future repositories of spent nuclear fuel
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the chemical and isotopic features of groundwater residing in the upper 1.2 km of sparsely fractured crystalline bedrock of the Baltic Shield. The work is based on previous understanding of the groundwater origin and its evolution in the fractured bedrock of the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (underground tunnel and facilities) and in two candidate coastal areas (Laxemar and Forsmark) investigated by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) for future construction of a nuclear waste repository. In order to assess the origin and the apparent mobility of major elements and key trace elements (Cs and YREEs) in this difficult-to-reach deep environment, new (and previously published) data of SKBs hydrogeochemical monitoring programme was iteratively characterised and integrated in phenomenological models. The overall aim was to improve the integration between groundwater mixing and in situ water-rock interaction processes in deep coastal crystalline bedrock under natural and/or disturbed (i.e., dynamic) flow conditions induced by the presence of a tunnel system.The multiple origins (glacial, marine, meteoric and allochthonous) of the fracture groundwater resulted in a large range of concentrations for dissolved major and trace elements in the studied bedrock. Dependent on the current flow conditions, the apparent mobility of dissolved elements was generally challenging to identify in the deep fractured bedrock under natural flow conditions. There, the relatively long residence time of most of the various groundwater types prevented to clearly differentiate the (apparent) fast retention processes from slow but active processes on a long-term perspective. Both processes alter the primary hydrochemical composition mainly imposed by the mixing between the dominant sources of groundwater. Nevertheless, in the particular case of YREEs, their generally low natural concentrations and predominant binding to organic colloids in most palaeo- (and modern meteoric) groundwaters (independently of the flow conditions) indicated strong active sorption onto minerals and physical filtration of organic colloids in the fractures. Together, these properties tend to minimise the mobility of dissolved YREEs and to stabilise their concentrations and fractionation patterns during the long residence time of the groundwaters.At the Äspö HRL, an analogue (in a broad sense) of future repositories for high-level and long-lived radioactive wastes, changes in groundwater origin and salinity took place rapidly in subvertical fracture zones and progressively within the sparsely fractured deep rock domains. The changes resulted either from partial-to-substantial replacement of palaeo-groundwater by modern surface/shallow ground-water or induced dynamic up-flow of deep-lying saline groundwater. The hydrogeochemical instability near the underground facility during excavation to operational phase helped to assess qualitatively – and in some case differentiate quantitatively – the combined role of mixing, short-term and long-term reactions on the chemical composition of groundwater and the mobility of major elements and Cs within fracture zones and the sparsely fractured rock domains.Collectively, the findings of the individual studies showed that the composition of intruded past or modern marine groundwater was likely to affect the natural retention properties/reactivity of the bedrock towards dissolved species at repository depth. For instance, the intrusion of modern seawater induced a desorption process of some dissolved species originally present on the exchange sites of the clayish fault gouge material in the fractures. This contributed to an apparent increase of the abundance level of dissolved cations naturally occurring in relatively moderate (i.e., K and Mg) and trace (i.e., Cs) concentrations in the fracture groundwaters.The general understanding of the current hydrogeochemical conditions in deep crystalline bedrock is crucial when predicting future changes in groundwater chemistry (i.e., climatic cycles), which in turn might be of relevance to the long-term integrity of the KBS-3 repository method developed for isolating the nuclear waste from the surficial environment and biosphere.
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| 8. |
- Nittérus, Karolina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Commercial harvest of logging residue in clear-cuts affects the diversity and community composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera : Carabidae)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 22:3, s. 231-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural complexity of the habitat is known to influence the diversity and abundance of arthropod populations. Earlier studies have shown that presence of logging residue ( slash) on the ground contributes to microhabitat complexity and removal of slash for biofuel in clear-cuts can have short-term ( similar to 1 year) effects on ground-active beetle populations. This study examines the consequences of slash removal on carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) 5-7 years after harvest. Sampling of beetles was done by pitfall trapping in three matched clear-cut pairs, in spruce forest in central Sweden. The number and diversity (Berger-Parker dominance index) of carabid species were significantly higher in clear-cuts with slash harvest than in sites where slash was left on the ground. No difference in the overall rank-abundance pattern was found between clear-cuts with different slash treatments, but for species with certain habitat preferences the community was significantly altered. In all clear-cuts, slash removal caused a shift in dominance with an increase in generalist species and a decline in forest species. The results show that removal of slash may have long-lasting effects on the carabid community composition and structure. Hence, in forest landscapes with large-scale biofuel harvest, generalist carabid species may increase their abundance. Following the precautionary principle, it is suggested that every fifth clear-cut should be free of slash harvest.
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| 9. |
- Roberts, Jason D., et al.
(författare)
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Ankyrin-B dysfunction predisposes to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and is amenable to therapy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 129:8, s. 3171-3184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by severe structural and electrical cardiac phenotypes, including myocardial fibrofatty replacement and sudden cardiac death. Clinical management of ACM is largely palliative, owing to an absence of therapies that target its underlying pathophysiology, which stems partially from our limited insight into the condition. Following identification of deceased ACM probands possessing ANK2 rare variants and evidence of ankyrin-B loss of function on cardiac tissue analysis, an ANK2 mouse model was found to develop dramatic structural abnormalities reflective of human ACM, including biventricular dilation, reduced ejection fraction, cardiac fibrosis, and premature death. Desmosomal structure and function appeared preserved in diseased human and murine specimens in the presence of markedly abnormal beta-catenin expression and patterning, leading to identification of a previously unknown interaction between ankyrin-B and beta-catenin. A pharmacological activator of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway, SB-216763, successfully prevented and partially reversed the murine ACM phenotypes. Our findings introduce what we believe to be a new pathway for ACM, a role of ankyrin-B in cardiac structure and signaling, a molecular link between ankyrin-B and beta-catenin, and evidence for targeted activation of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway as a potential treatment for this disease.
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| 10. |
- Sandberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A design tool integrating CAD and virtual manufacturing for distortion assessment
- 2005
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Ingår i: 15th International Conference on Engineering Design - ICED 05. - Barton : Institution of Engineers, Australia.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the aero space industry, design for manufacturing promotes machining predictions using finite element analysis during design. Today design and computational engineers often are far from integrated. The design tool in this paper couples the simulation of distortion effects due to machining with CAD, where knowledge of how to perform a machining simulation is captured within the tool. The tool system is governed by a UNIX shell script and uses Python scripts for pre- and post-processing purposes coupled to the finite element software MSC.MarcTM. The tool allows an engineer to estimate the distortion effects due to machining and is believed to help bridge the gap between design and computational engineers in the manufacturing planning stages of engineering design. By using tools like the one presented here, both component quality and accuracy of machining operation cost estimation can be expected to increase, since distortion problems can be solved or prevented already in the manufacturing planning stages of engineering design. Thus design for manufacturing is enhanced since redesign due to inferior manufacturing can be reduced.
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