| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
-
Housing recovery outcomes after typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines : a critical realist perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Critical Realism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7430 .- 1572-5138. ; 18:2, s. 142-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typhoon Haiyan damaged around a million houses in the Philippines in November 2013. It especially affected the poor. Using a realist laminated ontology, this paper explains how multiple causal mechanisms triggered unexpected outcomes in the housing recovery programme in the province of Leyte. The proposed causal mechanisms were: the intentional causal agency of the Filipino power elite; the collaboration–competition dilemma among individual agents and social structures; the constraints faced by the National Housing Authority with regards to procurement and budget; unfreedoms for resilient resettlement; secondary side effects of land and resettlement policies; and the under the table practice of bribery. The combination of these multiple causal mechanisms generated emergent outcomes such as low output of permanent post-disaster housing, generic housing solutions that cannot be extended, reproduction of pre-disaster vulnerabilities, recovery of valuable land by the Filipino elite and allocation of public funding to a limited range of recipients.
|
|
| 3. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
-
Organized Self-help Housing as a Method for achieving more Sustainable Human Settlements
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Human Settlements Review. ; 2, s. 13-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest in organized self-help housing (OSHH) from both authoriti es and Non Governmental Organizati ons (NGOs) working in the housing sector due to the magnitude of housing problems in developing countries and the challenge of achieving sustainable humansett lements. This paper focuses on the experiences of two NGOs, FUPROVI in Costa Rica and SADEL in Sweden, in facilitati ng organized self-help housing projects over a period of 30 years.The aim of the paper is to analyze the organized self-help housing approaches of the nongovernmental organizati ons FUPROVI and SADEL and establish the connecti ons of their practice with key issues of the Habitat Agenda. The conceptual model regarding the roles of the diff erent actors within OSHH projects, specifi cally the responsibiliti es and roles of the households, the facilitati ng organizati on and the authoriti es, is analyzed with a focus on how toachieve sustainable human settlements. Results show that the OSHH processes implemented by both NGOs are based on the main principles of the Habitat Agenda such as solidarity, partnership, community parti cipati on, social-technical assistance, capacity building and innovati ve approaches towards resource mobilizati on. These are the key aspects for long term development of sustainable human sett lements. The paper concludes with recommendati onson the planning and implementati on of OSHH projects and presents insights on insti tuti onal development for facilitati ng organizati ons. The main contributi on of the paper is to reinterpret the role of organized self-help housing and its role in the further development of enabling shelter strategies in developing countries.
|
|
| 4. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
-
Organized Self-help Housing: lessons from practice with an international perspective
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International CIB World Building Congress.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need of improving the lives of 100 million slum dwellers until year 2020. The Habitat Agenda has identified self-help housing among other enabling housing strategies. This paper focuses on mapping organizations and different types of organized self-help housing (OSHH) projects since year 2000 with the aim of analyzing important lessons from practice. An international survey was implemented to selected housing experts and practitioners from developing countries; and qualitative data analysis was conducted.Results show that dweller-control over the OSHH process contributes in achieving better quality settlements and homes whilst empowering the urban poor. This process also helps to improve community skills and local construction techniques. Asian CBOs and NGOs have implemented OSHH for slum upgrading and reconstruction after natural disasters. Organized self-help housing has been combined with other support tools such as microcredit or organized savings, production of construction materials, training and community capacity building. OSHH housing has the potential for fostering the development of social, technical and financial sustainability in human settlements in developing regions.
|
|
| 5. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
-
User involvement in housing recovery after typhoon Haiyan from a capability perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines on 8th November 2013 destroying more than 1 million houses and affecting mostly the poor. This paper discusses user involvement in housing recovery from a capability perspective. The paper also analyses possibilities for extension of the housing solutions. Based on the Sphere handbook and the theoretical framework, a Model for user involvement in evolutionary housing recovery has been developed and applied to analyse empirical data from two qualitative case studies in the cities of Tanauan and Ormoc. Prospective users that have attained different opportunities and choices through the projects whilst being actively involved in some stages of the process seem to have enhanced capacities such as self-construction skills, self-esteem, leadership and community organizing. Users were not involved or only consulted during the planning and design stage, which derived in generic housing lacking qualities for extension. The findings from both case studies support the theoretical construct underlying the model. The implications of the model is that it can be applied to design, carry out or assess housing recovery processes in other developing contexts.
|
|
| 6. |
- Baruti, Modest Maurus, et al.
(författare)
-
Review of studies on outdoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates : challenges of informal urban fabric
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 63:10, s. 1449-1462
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In warm humid climate regions where majority of the population spend most of the time outdoors, an adequate outdoor thermal environment is crucial. A number of studies on outdoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates were carried out in the past decade. However, most of these studies focused on the formal urban fabric and left the informal urban fabric, where typically 30 to 85% of the population in developing countries resides, unattended. Theoretically, the informal urban fabric structure of towns/cities poses many outdoor thermal environmental challenges, such as lack of air movement, high thermal stress and discomfort. This paper reviews previous research on outdoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates, and, particularly, it focuses on the relationship between outdoor thermal comfort and urban fabric as well as human thermal perception. Regarding the formal urban fabric, this review asserts that the thermal comfort range is higher in warm humid climates than in temperate climates and that thermal indices alone cannot predict thermal comfort; behavioural and psychological adaptation have proven to have a big impact on thermal perception. As for the informal urban fabric, only few studies have investigated the influence of the urban geometry and none has studied people’s thermal perception of the outdoor thermal environment. To conclude, the article highlights practical challenges posed by the informal urban fabric in contrast to the formal urban fabric in terms of structure (morphology).
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Johansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Building technology
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Construction in Developing Countries – a guide for the planning and implementation of building projects. - 9185424447 ; , s. 35-70
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Rodríguez, Mario, et al.
(författare)
-
Organized Small-scale Self-help Housing
- 1996
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a shortage of adequate, affordable shelter all over the world. Many households have shelter, but of unacceptable quality with respect to crowdedness, hygienic standard, indoor comfort, safety, security of land tenure, neighbourhood environment. Other families cannot afford their own shelter, but live with relatives or friends under very temporary conditions. Those who cannot afford the housing offered by the formal sector are often obliged to seek a roof within the informal sector, in one of the many spontaneous settlements. There is increasing interest in finding solutions in the grey zone between formal housing - built by professionals, according to regulations and with mortgages - and informal housing - self-help, illegal, informal credit. Through organized self-help housing, it can be possible to create affordable homes for many households that cannot afford the housing produced by the formal sector. Along with the self-help housing process, one can also initiate and strengthen processes for social and economic development in a neighbourhood. This requires support from a facilitating organization such as a non governmental organization, municipality or private housing company. This Building Issue highlights the concept of organized self-help housing in general and provides practical guidelines for implementing organized small-scale self-help housing projects. The role of the facilitating organization is carefully described to show how they can be successful and sustainable. The conclusions are mainly based on the authors’ involvement in organized small-scale self-help housing projects in Bolivia, Costa Rica and Tunisia over the last 15 years. The aim of this study is not to contribute to the political debate about self-help housing, but to describe experiences of organized self-help housing projects. It is hoped that this experience will be useful for professionals and organizations who will work in this area and contribute to affordable and adequate shelter.
|
|
