| 1. |
- Torres, Hector, et al.
(författare)
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The tribology of Ag/MoS2-based self-lubricating laser claddings for high temperature forming of aluminium alloys
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the use of aluminium alloys in the automotive industry has gained significant attention due to their specific strength, corrosion resistance and recyclability. However, their forming at high temperature in processes like hot stamping is challenging due to the poor tribological behaviour of aluminium alloys, which is the source of severe adhesive wear and a poor surface quality of the finished product.In an effort to overcome these tribological problems, iron- and nickel-based self-lubricating laser claddings with the addition of solid lubricants such as silver and molybdenum disulfide have been evaluated under conditions representative of hot stamping against the aluminium alloy AA6082. It has been found that self-lubricating claddings decrease friction and counter body wear at high temperatures compared to alloys commonly used in forming tools such as grade 1.2367 steel. Furthermore, nickel-based self-lubricating claddings have shown a better tribological behaviour than their iron-based counterparts, due to the formation of a nickel-based sulfide layer on the counter body. It is thus expected that the implementation of self-lubricating claddings can improve the quality of the final product while reducing the need for added lubricant during the hot stamping of aluminium alloys.
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| 2. |
- Torres, Hector, et al.
(författare)
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Tribological performance of iron- and nickel-base self-lubricating claddings containing metal sulfides at high temperature
- 2022
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Ingår i: Friction. - : Springer. - 2223-7690 .- 2223-7704. ; 10:12, s. 2069-2085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron-based coatings with the incorporation of solid lubricants have been prepared by means of laser cladding, in an effort to control friction and decrease tool wear at high temperatures during metal forming applications. The choice of a Fe-based powder has been considered advantageous, as it can lead to decreased costs compared to nickel-based claddings previously studied by the authors, in addition to having a lower environmental impact. In particular, the incorporation of transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 as precursors leads to the encapsulation of silver in Fe-based self-lubricating claddings, resulting in a uniform distribution of the soft metal across the thickness of the coating. Subsequent tribological evaluation of the claddings at high temperatures shows that the addition of lubricious compounds leads to lower friction at room temperature and significantly decreased wear up to 600 °C compared to the unmodified iron-based reference alloy, although higher than similar self-lubricating Ni-based claddings. In order to cast light into these observed differences, the corresponding microstructures, phase composition, and self-lubricating mechanisms have been studied and compared for Fe- and Ni-based claddings having both of them the addition of silver and MoS2. The results suggest a key role of the formation of protective tribolayers on the counter body during high temperature sliding contact. Additional simulation of the phase evolution during solidification reveals that the formation of different chromium- and nickel-based metal sulfides in Fe- and Ni-claddings during laser cladding by the decomposition of MoS2 plays a key role in determining their tribological behaviour at high temperatures.
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| 3. |
- van Belkum, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Host-pathogen adhesion as the basis of innovative diagnostics for emerging pathogens
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diagnostics. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4418. ; 11:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infectious diseases are an existential health threat, potentiated by emerging and re-emerging viruses and increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance. Targeted treatment of infectious diseases re-quires precision diagnostics, especially in cases where broad-range therapeutics such as antibiotics fail. There is thus an increasing need for new approaches to develop sensitive and specific in vitro diagnostic (IVD) tests. Basic science and translational research are needed to identify key microbial molecules as diagnostic targets, to identify relevant host counterparts, and to use this knowledge in developing or improving IVD. In this regard, an overlooked feature is the capacity of pathogens to adhere specifically to host cells and tissues. The molecular entities relevant for pathogen–surface interaction are the so-called adhesins. Adhesins vary from protein compounds to (poly-)saccharides or lipid structures that interact with eukaryotic host cell matrix molecules and receptors. Such interactions co-define the specificity and sensitivity of a diagnostic test. Currently, adhesin-receptor binding is typically used in the pre-analytical phase of IVD tests, focusing on pathogen enrichment. Further exploration of adhesin–ligand interaction, supported by present high-throughput “omics” technolo-gies, might stimulate a new generation of broadly applicable pathogen detection and characterization tools. This review describes recent results of novel structure-defining technologies allowing for detailed molecular analysis of adhesins, their receptors and complexes. Since the host ligands evolve slowly, the corresponding adhesin interaction is under selective pressure to maintain a constant receptor binding domain. IVD should exploit such conserved binding sites and, in particular, use the human ligand to enrich the pathogen. We provide an inventory of methods based on adhesion factors and pathogen attachment mechanisms, which can also be of relevance to currently emerging pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19.
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