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| 2. |
- Bodin, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Road traffic noise, air pollution and myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 89:5, s. 793-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both road traffic noise and air pollution have been linked to cardiovascular disease. However, there are few prospective epidemiological studies available where both road traffic noise and air pollution have been analyzed simultaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between road traffic noise, air pollution and incident myocardial infarction in both current (1-year average) and medium-term (3-year average) perspective.
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| 3. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Is centre-based provision of hearing aids better than community-based provision? A cluster-randomized trial among adolescents in Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 13:6, s. 497-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In response to the need for hearing aids in low-income countries, an approach to provide hearing aids through trained community workers was developed. This study compares the effectiveness of the community-based approach with that of a centre-based approach. Methods: One hundred and forty adolescents (56% girls; 12–18 years; mean: 15 years) from eleven sub-districts participated in a cluster-randomized trial comparing a community-based service (n = 75) with a centre-based service (n = 65) in Bangladesh. The International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) was administered to the participants six weeks after fitting of a hearing aid, and its scores were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U-tests and an ordinal regression model. Results: The community-based approach performed as well as the centre-based approach on five out of seven outcome measures. The latter approach performed statistically significantly better on Residual participation restrictions (p = .007) and Impact on others (p = .012), but the effect sizes were small. Controlling for sex, age, hearing loss, place of living and proxy responses did not change the results. Conclusions: The community-based approach is a viable and effective option for hearing aid delivery in low-resourced settings. The approach needs to be adapted to particular contexts, and possible down-sides may need to be counteracted by special interventions.Implications for RehabilitationHearing aid use can contribute to improved activity, participation and quality of life among adolescents in low-income countries.Community-based approaches to delivering hearing aids can be viable and effective options to centre-based services.
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| 4. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Conflict between the work and family domains and exhaustion among vocationally active men and women.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 70, s. 1237-1245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exhaustion is consistently found to be more prevalent in women than in men. Women suffer from job strain more often, which may constitute a partial explanation for this phenomenon, but experienced shortcomings in combining work and family demands may also contribute to ill health. The aim of this study was to investigate, and analyse by gender, how work-related and family-related factors, as well as the interface between them, i.e. work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC), are related to exhaustion. The study was cross-sectional with self-administered questionnaires assessing exposures and outcome with previously well-validated instruments. The participants were 2726 men and 2735 women, aged 45-64, vocationally active, and residing in Malmö, Sweden. Sixteen percent of the women and 8% of the men considered themselves exhausted. WFC, FWC, job strain, and low job support were all strongly correlated to exhaustion in both genders. In the multivariate analyses, adjusting for other work and family risk factors, WFC and FWC remained statistically significant risk factors for exhaustion in both men and women. Job strain, low job support, and having a somatic disorder were also independently associated with exhaustion. While WFC was more prevalent among men, it was more strongly associated with exhaustion in women than in men. In women, WFC and FWC contributed to a larger part of the explanatory power of the model, which amounted to 22% of the variance in women and 14% in men. The results imply that the concept of 'work stress' should be regarded in a wider context in order to understand gender related issues of exhaustion among vocationally active individuals.
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| 5. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Sleeping problems as a risk factor for subsequent musculoskeletal pain and the role of job strain: results from a one-year follow-up of the Malmö Shoulder Neck Study Cohort.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 15:4, s. 254-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The role of sleeping problems in the causal pathway between job strain and musculoskeletal pain is not clear. Purpose: To investigate the impact of sleeping problems and job strain on the one-year risk for neck, shoulder, and lumbar pain. METHOD: A prospective study, using self-administered questionnaires, of a healthy cohort of 4,140 vocationally active persons ages 45-64, residing in the city of Malmo. RESULTS: At follow-up, 11.8% of the men and 14.8% of the women had developed pain. The odds ratios (OR) for pain at follow-up and sleeping problems at baseline were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.13-2.61) in men and 1.91 (1.35-2.70) in women. Regarding exposure to job strain, ORs were 1.39 (0.94-2.05) for men and 1.63 (1.18-2.23) for women. These statistically significant risks remained so when controlled for possible confounding. A modest synergistic effect was noted in women with concurrent sleeping problems and job strain, but not in men. CONCLUSION: One in 15-20 of all new cases of chronic pain in the population could be attributed to sleeping problems. No evidence was found for a causal chain with job strain leading to musculoskeletal pain by the pathway of sleeping problems.
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| 6. |
- Choi, BongKyoo, et al.
(författare)
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Synergistic interaction effect between job control and social support at work on general psychological distress
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 84:1, s. 77-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Little is known about the interaction between job control and social support at work on common mental disorders. To examine whether there is a synergistic interaction effect between job control and social support at work on general psychological distress and whether it differs by the level of job demands. Methods About 1,940 male and female workers from the Malmo Shoulder and Neck Study were chosen for this cross-sectional study. Job control, social support at work, and job demands were measured by the Swedish version of the Job Content Questionnaire, and general psychological distress was assessed by the General Health Questionnaire. Results A significant excessive risk increase for general psychological distress was observed when workers had both low job control and low social support at work in both men and women. The synergistic effect was stronger in women, when job demands were low (Rothman's synergy index was 2.16 vs. 1.51 when job demands were high). However, in male workers, while a strong synergistic effect between job control and social support at work was found when job demands were low (synergy index was 9.25), there was an antagonistic effect when job demands were high (synergy index was 0.52). Conclusions There was a synergistic interaction effect between job control and social support at work on general psychological distress, but the synergistic effect or its effect size differed by the level of job demands and gender. An atomic, additive approach to the risk assessment of the psychosocial work characteristics on common mental disorders could be misleading or lead to a risk underestimation.
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| 7. |
- Kornitzer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Job stress and major coronary events: results from the Job Stress, Absenteeism and Coronary Heart Disease in Europe study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-8267 .- 1741-8275. ; 13:5, s. 695-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The intention of this study is to investigate the relationship of the demands/control/strain model with hard coronary events in an epidemiological, prospective, multicenter, European study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six cohorts (Brussels, Ghent, Lille, Barcelona, Goteborg and Malmo) from four European countries (Belgium, France, Spain and Sweden) consisting of 21 111 middle-aged male subjects participated between 1993 and 1996 in the baseline survey of the Job Stress, Absenteeism and Coronary Heart Disease in Europe (JACE) study. The Karasek strain model of psychological demands (five items)/control (nine items) was used. During a mean follow-up of 40 months 185 acute coronary events or coronary deaths were observed. Age-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for developing an acute coronary event were 1.46 [CI 95% confidence interval (1.08-1.97)] for high against low psychological demands and 1.53 (95% CI 1.0-2.35) for strained (high demands plus low control) against relaxed (low demands plus high control) groups. After adjustment for standard cardiovascular risk factors the HR for developing a coronary event for those above or equal to the median against those below the median of psychological demands was 1.46 (95% CI 1.08-1.97) whereas the HR for strained against relaxed groups is 1.46 (95% CI 0.96-2.25). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. CONCLUSION: In this European, multicenter, prospective, epidemiological study the Karasek job strain model was an independent predictor of acute coronary events, with the psychological demands scale emerging as the important component.
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| 9. |
- Lindbladh, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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An economic and sociological interpretation of social differnces in health-related behaviour: An encounter as a guide to social epidemoiology
- 1996
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - 1873-5347. ; 43:12, s. 1817-1827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that the group-centred analyses of social epidemiology should follow from theoretical considerations that take the situation of the individual as their natural starting point. In a tentative dialogue between economics and sociology, we develop a framework for the analysis of health-related behaviour. Such behaviour is modelled as a process of decision-making at the individual level. Within economics, we draw specifically on the demand-for-health literature and the new institutional economics. Within sociology, Bourdieu's habitus theory is presented in combination with a macro-structural approach where the focus is on the process of individualization. The relationship between these different approaches to health-related behaviour and their implications is discussed. We find that the encounter between different sciences provides valuable insights for future work in the socio-epidemiological tradition.
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| 10. |
- Lindeberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial working conditions and exhaustion in a working population sample of Swedish middle-aged men and women.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 21, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exhaustion is a concept of interest for both occupational health research and stress-disease theory research. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between chronic stressors, in terms of psychosocial working conditions, and exhaustion in a Swedish middle-aged population sample. METHODS: A vocationally active population sample of the Malmö Shoulder and Neck Study cohort, comprising 2555 men and 2466 women between 45 and 64 years of age, was used. Psychosocial working conditions, assessed by means of the demand-control-support model, were measured longitudinally with a 1-year interval. Exhaustion was assessed by the SF-36 vitality scale and measured at follow-up, yielding a cross-sectional study design. RESULTS: Exhaustion was twice as common in women as in men. High psychological job demands, low job control and low job support were independently associated with exhaustion in both men and women. These associations remained after controlling for a variety of potential confounders and mediators, including socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, musculoskeletal pain, disease, other work-related factors (including physical workload) and non-work-related factors. High demands in combination with low control (job strain), and job strain combined with low job support (iso-strain), increased the risk for exhaustion. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial working conditions seem to contribute to exhaustion in middle-aged men and women. Future research should include exploration of exhaustion as a possible mediator between work stress and disease, as well as exploration of other chronic stressors, including non-work-related stressors, regarding their effects on exhaustion in men and women.
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