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- Hrastinski, Stefan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Imaginaries and Reflections on Artificial Intelligence and Robots in Postdigital K-12 Education
- 2019
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Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-485X .- 2524-4868 .- 2662-5326. ; 1:2, s. 427-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is commonly suggested that emerging technologies will revolutionize education. In this paper, two such emerging technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and educational robots (ER), are in focus. The aim of the paper is to explore how teachers, researchers and pedagogical developers critically imagine and reflect upon how AI and robots could be used in education. The empirical data were collected from discussion groups that were part of a symposium. For both AI and ERs, the need for more knowledge about these technologies, how they could preferably be used, and how the emergence of these technologies might affect the role of the teacher and the relationship between teachers and students, were outlined. Many participants saw more potential to use AI for individualization as compared with ERs. However, there were also more concerns, such as ethical issues and economic interests, when discussing AI. While the researchers/developers to a greater extent imagined ideal future technology-rich educational practices, the practitioners were more focused on imaginaries grounded in current practice.
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| 5. |
- Arlinger, Stig, 1939-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical trial of a digital hearing aid
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 27:1, s. 51-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A clinical trial of Oticon DigiFocus hearing aid was performed. The test aid was evaluated on 33 subjects with several years' experience as users of modern analog hearing aids. These aids were used as reference for the 1-month-long trial. The Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) showed a mean difference in benefit with superior ratings for the test aid concerning ease of communication, speech in reverberation and speech in background noise. The subjects' own aids were rated somewhat better concerning aversiveness of sounds, but this difference was not statistically significant. The Gothenburg Profile showed a statistically significant difference between the test aid and the reference aids in favour of the test aid. The difference was not most evident with regard to speech communication and the effects of hearing loss on social interactions. Sound quality ratings concerning clearness were significantly higher for the test aid. Speech recognition thresholds in noise were on average 0.7 dB better for the test aids when tested at speech levels 60 and 75 dB. The difference was statistically significant only at 75 dB. There was significant interaction between general preference and hearing aid type, indicating that overall sound quality was an important factor affecting the general preference for either the test aid or the reference aid. Twenty-three subjects generally preferred the test aid, six preferred their own aid and four stated no difference.
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| 6. |
- Arlinger, Stig, 1939-, et al.
(författare)
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Fitting hearing aids to first-time users
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 29:3, s. 150-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical experience indicates that first-time hearing aid users prefer less gain and lower maximum output levels than experienced users. This hypothesis was tested on 20 subjects being fitted with their first aids. The study was double blinded by using a programmable hearing aid, set to either the standard setting according to the manufacturer's software or to reduced gain and maximum output. Half of the subjects started with one hearing aid and half with the other, changing to the other hearing aid after 3 days trial with each setting. At the end of the study, subjects stated preference in specified situations and overall. No significant differences in APHAB, sound quality, estimated communication ability or perceived loudness scores were seen for the two settings. Nine subjects preferred the standard setting, seven the reduced setting and four were undecided. No correlation could be found between preference and audiological variables.
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| 7. |
- Arlinger, Stig, et al.
(författare)
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International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids : Data From a Large Swedish Quality Register Database
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Audiology. - : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. - 1059-0889 .- 1558-9137. ; 26:3, s. 443-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze a database of completed International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) questionnaires obtained from over 100,000 clients fitted with new hearing aids in Sweden during the period of 2012-2016. Mean IOI-HA total scores were correlated with degree of hearing loss, unilateral versus bilateral fitting, first-time versus return clients, gender, and variation among dispensing clinics. The correlations with expectations, service quality, and technical functioning of the hearing aids were also analyzed. Method: Questionnaires containing the 7 IOI-HA items as well as questions concerning some additional issues were mailed to clients 3-6 months after fitting of new hearing aids. The questionnaires were returned to and analyzed by an independent research institute. Results: More than 100 dispensing clinics nationwide take part in this project. A response rate of 52.6% resulted in 106,631 data sets after excluding incomplete questionnaires. Forty-six percent of the responders were women, and 54% were men. The largest difference in mean score (0.66) was found for the IOI-HA item "use" between return clients and first-time users. Women reported significantly higher (better) scores for the item "impact on others" compared with men. The bilaterally fitted subgroup reported significantly higher scores for all 7 items compared with the unilaterally fitted subgroup. Experienced users produced higher scores on benefit and satisfaction items, whereas first-time users gave higher scores for residual problems. No correlation was found between mean IOI-HA total score and average hearing threshold level (pure-tone average [ PTA]). Mean IOI-HA total scores were found to correlate significantly with perceived service quality of the dispensing center and with the technical functionality of the hearing aids. Conclusions: When comparing mean IOI-HA total scores from different studies or between groups, differences with regard to hearing aid experience, gender, and unilateral versus bilateral fitting have to be considered. No correlation was found between mean IOI-HA total score and degree of hearing loss in terms of PTA. Thus, PTA is not a reliable predictor of benefit and satisfaction of hearing aid provision as represented by the IOI-HA items. Identification of a specific lower fence in PTA for hearing aid candidacy is therefore to be avoided. Large differences were found in mean IOI-HA total scores related to different dispensing centers.
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| 9. |
- Assi, Hanin, et al.
(författare)
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A New Technique for Pelvic and Vaginal Reconstruction in Abdominoperineal Rectal Excision : Combination of Gluteus Maximus Flap and Fasciocutaneous Flap
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open. - 2169-7574. ; 11:10, s. 5317-5317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resection of advanced rectal cancer might result in significant tissue loss, including pelvic floor and parts of the vaginal wall. Pelvic floor reconstruction using a musculocutaneous flap offers optimized healing abilities and the possibility of vaginal reconstruction. In Skåne University Hospital, two different flap techniques are used to reconstruct the perineum: the vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap and the gluteus maximus (GM) flap. A combination of a GM flap and a fasciocutanous flap, referred to locally as a GM special (GMS) flap, is used for posterior vaginal wall reconstruction in women undergoing abdominoperineal resections including parts of or the total posterior vaginal wall. The GMS flap was introduced through a national collaboration in Sweden in 2013. The aim of this article is to offer a detailed description and illustrations of the surgical technique used to construct the GMS flap, focusing on the posterior vaginal wall reconstruction. In our experience, the GMS flap is a resilient and cosmetically appealing choice that is technically easily harvested. The flap has acceptable morbidity and long-term results with adequate neovaginal measurements. Collaborative work is further encouraged.
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| 10. |
- Assi, Hanin, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual and functional long-term outcomes following advanced pelvic cancer and reconstruction using vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous and gluteal myocutaneous flap
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983. ; 47:4, s. 858-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: After extensive pelvic surgery for cancer two flap types are used at Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Sweden for perineal reconstruction: vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and gluteal flap with or without vaginal reconstruction. The objective was to study the long-term outcomes in patients treated for advanced pelvic cancer receiving a flap. Method: Patients with pelvic cancer subjected to surgery including perineal reconstruction between January 2010 and August 2016 at SUS were included retrospectively. Participating patients were scheduled for an out-patient visit. Questionnaires addressing quality of life, (QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D) and sexual function (FSFI and IIEF) were filled in. Sensitivity test, using monofilaments on the gluteal/posterior thigh area, neovaginal measurements using silicon gauges and muscular functionality tests (timed stands test and stairs test) were performed. Results: Thirty-six (24 women, 12 males) out of 71 invited patients conceded participation. Patients scored a median of 85/100 regarding global health using EQ-5D. All women reported sexual dysfunction and 75% (9/12) of men reported severe erectile dysfunction. Neovaginal measurements showed adequate reconstructions. Sensitivity test implied decreased sensitivity on the operated side compared to the unoperated side in patients with gluteal flap. Both physical tests demonstrated adequate muscular functionality in everyday life activities after reconstructions using gluteal flap. Conclusion: This long-term follow up after extensive surgery treating pelvic cancer with perineal flap reconstruction implies high quality of life, good muscular functionality and adequate neovaginal measurements. However sexual function is impaired among both sexes and sensitivity in the surgical area of the gluteal flap is decreased.
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