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| 2. |
- Bergström, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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One-Year Incidence, Time Trends, and Predictors of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Sweden From 1998 to 2010 An Observational Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stroke. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 48:8, s. 2046-2051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose: Recent data on the incidence, time trends, and predictors of recurrent ischemic stroke are limited for unselected patient populations.Methods: Data for ischemic stroke patients were obtained from The Swedish Stroke Register (Riksstroke) between 1998 and 2009 and merged with The Swedish National Inpatient Register. A reference group of patients was created by Statistics Sweden. The ischemic stroke patient cohort was divided into 4 time periods. Recurrent ischemic stroke within 1 year was recorded until 2010. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to study time trends and predictors of ischemic stroke recurrence.Results: Of 196 765 patients with ischemic stroke, 11.3% had a recurrent ischemic stroke within 1 year. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke decreased from 15.0% in 1998 to 2001 to 12.0% in 2007 to 2010 in the stroke patient cohort while the cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke decreased from 0.7% to 0.4% in the reference population. Age > 75 years, prior ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation without warfarin treatment, diabetes mellitus, and treatment with beta-blockers or diuretics were associated with a higher risk while warfarin treatment for atrial fibrillation, lipid-lowering medication, and antithrombotic treatment (acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole) were associated with a reduced risk of recurrent ischemic stroke.Conclusions: The risk of recurrent ischemic stroke decreased from 1998 to 2010. Well-known risk factors for stroke were associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke recurrence; whereas, secondary preventive medication was associated with a reduced risk, emphasizing the importance of secondary preventive treatment.
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| 4. |
- Binsell-Gerdin, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Hemorrhagic stroke the first 30 days after an acute myocardial infarction : incidence, time trends and predictors of risk
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 176:1, s. 133-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives: Hemorrhagic stroke is a rare but serious complication after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aims of our study were to establish the incidence, time trends and predictors of risk for hemorrhagic stroke within 30 days after an AMI in 1998-2008. Methods: We collected data from the Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions (RIKS-HIA). All patients with a myocardial infarction 1998-2008 were included, n = 173,233. The data was merged with the National Patient Register in order to identify patients suffering a hemorrhagic stroke. To identify predictors of risk we used Cox models. Results: Overall the incidence decreased from 0.2% (n = 94) in 1998-2000 to 0.1% (n = 41) in 2007-2008. In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction the corresponding incidences were 0.4% (n = 76) in 1998-2000 and 0.2% (n = 21) in 2007-2008, and after fibrin specific thrombolytic treatment 0.6% and 1.1%, respectively, with a peak of 1.4% during 2003-2004. In total 375 patients (0.22%) suffered a hemorrhagic stroke within 30 days of the AMI. The preferred method of reperfusion changed from thrombolysis to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Older age (hazard ratio (HR) >65- <= 75 vs <= 65 years 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-2.45), thrombolysis (HR 6.84, 95% CI 5.51-8.48), history of hemorrhagic stroke (HR 12.52, CI 8.36-18.78) and prior hypertension (HR 1.52, CI 1.23-1.86) independently predicted hemorrhagic stroke within 30 days. Conclusions: The rate of hemorrhagic stroke within 30 days of an AMI has decreased by 50% between 1998 and 2008. The main reason is the shift in reperfusion method from thrombolysis to PCI.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events following ischemic stroke or TIA
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data are scarce on long-term outcomes after ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). In this prospective cohort study, we examined the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after IS and TIA using a competing risk model and factors associated with new events using a Cox-proportional hazard regression model. All patients discharged alive from Östersund Hospital with IS or TIA between 2010 and 2013 (n = 1535) were followed until 31 December 2017. The primary endpoint was a composite of IS, type 1 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cardiovascular (CV) death. Secondary endpoints were the individual components of the primary endpoint, in all patients and separated in IS and TIA subgroups. The cumulative incidence of MACE (median follow-up: 4.4 years) was 12.8% (95% CI: 11.2–14.6) within 1 year after discharge and 35.6% (95% CI: 31.8–39.4) by the end of follow-up. The risk of MACE and CV death was significantly increased in IS compared to TIA (p-values < 0.05), but not the risk of IS or type 1 AMI. Age, kidney failure, prior IS, prior AMI, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and impaired functional status, were associated with an increased risk of MACE. The risk of recurring events after IS and TIA is high. IS patients have a higher risk of MACE and CV death than TIA patients.
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| 6. |
- Irewall, Anna-Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of telephone-based secondary preventive intervention after stroke and transient ischemic attack - participation rate, reasons for nonparticipation and one-year mortality
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases extra. - : S. Karger AG. - 1664-5456. ; 4:1, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients who experience a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) are known to be at high risk of subsequent vascular events, underscoring the need for secondary preventive intervention. However, previous studies have indicated insufficiency in the implementation of secondary prevention, emphasizing the need to develop effective methods of follow-up. In the present study, we examined the potential of implementing a telephone-based, nurse-led, secondary preventive follow-up in stroke and TIA patients on a population level by analyzing the participation rate, reasons for nonparticipation, and one-year mortality.METHODS: Between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011, all patients admitted to Östersund hospital, Sweden, and diagnosed with either stroke or TIA were considered for inclusion into the secondary preventive follow-up. Baseline data were collected at the hospital, and reasons for nonparticipation were documented. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of the patient decision not to participate and to explore independent associations between baseline characteristics and exclusion. A one-year follow-up of mortality was also performed; the survival functions of the three groups (included, excluded, declining participation) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.RESULTS: From a total of 810 identified patients, 430 (53.1%) were included in the secondary preventive follow-up, 289 (35.7%) were excluded mainly due to physical or cognitive disability, and 91 (11.2%) declined participation. Age ≥85 years, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, modified Rankin scale score >3, body mass index ≥25, congestive heart failure, and lower education level were independently associated with exclusion, whereas lower education level was the only factor independently associated with the patient decision not to participate. Exclusion was associated with a more than 12 times higher risk of mortality within the first year after discharge.CONCLUSION: Population-based implementation of secondary prevention in stroke and TIA patients is limited by the high prevalence of comorbidity and a considerable degree of disability. In our study, a large proportion of patients were unable to participate even in this simple form of secondary preventive follow-up. Exclusion was associated with substantially higher one-year mortality, and education level was independently associated with physical ability as well as the motivation to participate in the secondary preventive follow-up program.
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| 7. |
- Irewall, Anna-Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse-based secondary preventive follow-up by telephone reduced recurrence of cardiovascular events : a randomised controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhanced follow-up is needed to improve the results of secondary preventive care in patients with established cardiovascular disease. We examined the effect of long-term, nurse-based, secondary preventive follow-up by telephone on the recurrence of cardiovascular events. Open, randomised, controlled trial with two parallel groups. Between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014, consecutive patients (n = 1890) admitted to hospital due to stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were included. Participants were randomised (1:1) to nurse-based telephone follow-up (intervention, n = 944) or usual care (control, n = 946) and followed until 31 December 2017. The primary endpoint was a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac revascularisation, and cardiovascular death. The individual components of the primary endpoint, TIA, and all-cause mortality were analysed as secondary endpoints. The assessment of outcome events was blinded to study group assignment. After a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, 22.7% (n = 214) of patients in the intervention group and 27.1% (n = 256) in the control group reached the primary composite endpoint (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.97; ARR 4.4%, 95% CI 0.5–8.3). Secondary endpoints did not differ significantly between groups. Nurse-based secondary preventive follow-up by telephone reduced the recurrence of cardiovascular events during long-term follow-up.
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| 8. |
- Irewall, Anna-Lotta, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse-Led, Telephone-Based, Secondary Preventive Follow-Up after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Improves Blood Pressure and LDL Cholesterol : Results from the First 12 Months of the Randomized, Controlled NAILED Stroke Risk Factor Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Enhanced secondary preventive follow-up after stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is necessary for improved adherence to recommendations regarding blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. We investigated whether nurse-led, telephone-based follow-up was more efficient than usual care at improving BP and LDL-C levels at 12 months after hospital discharge.Methods: We randomized 537 patients to either nurse-led, telephone-based follow-up (intervention) or usual care (control). BP and LDL-C measurements were performed at 1 month (baseline) and 12 months post-discharge. Intervention group patients who did not meet target values at baseline received additional follow-up, including titration of medication and lifestyle counselling, to reach treatment goals (BP < 140/90 mmHg, LDL-C < 2.5 mmol/L).Results: At 12 months, mean systolic BP, diastolic BP and LDL-C was 3.3 (95% CI 0.3 to 6.3) mmHg, 2.3 mmHg (95% CI 0.5 to 4.2) and 0.3 mmol/L (95% CI 0.1 to 0.4) lower in the intervention group compared to controls. Among participants with values above the treatment goal at baseline, the difference in systolic BP and LDL-C was more pronounced (8.0 mmHg, 95% CI 4.0 to 12.1, and 0.6 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9). A larger proportion of the intervention group reached the treatment goal for systolic BP (68.5 vs. 56.8%, p = 0.008) and LDL-C (69.7% vs. 50.4%, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Nurse-led, telephone-based secondary preventive follow-up, including medication adjustment, was significantly more efficient than usual care at improving BP and LDL-C levels by 12 months post-discharge.
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| 9. |
- Irewall, Anna-Lotta, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse-led, telephone-based secondary preventive follow-up benefits stroke/TIA patients with low education : a randomized controlled trial sub-study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central. - 1745-6215. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of two forms of secondary preventive followup on the association between education level and levels of blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) after stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods: We included a population-based cohort of 771 stroke and TIA patients randomly assigned (1:1) to secondary preventive follow-up within primary health care (control) or nurse-led, telephone-based follow-up (intervention) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013, as part of the NAILED (nurse-based ageindependent intervention to limit evolution of disease) stroke risk factor trial. We compared BP and LDL-C levels 12 months after hospital discharge in relation to education level (low, ≤10 years; high, >10 years) separately for the intervention and control groups.Results: Among controls, systolic BP (SBP) decreased only among the highly educated (−2.5 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.2 to −4.8), whereas LDL-C increased in the low-education group (0.2 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.3). At 12 months, controls with low education not more than 70 years of age had higher SBP than controls of the same age with high education (5.8 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.0 to 10.6). In contrast, SBP in the intervention group decreased similarly regardless of education level, LDL-C decreased among those with low education (−0.3 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.2 to −0.4) and, in the subgroup not more than 70 years old, low-educated participants had lower LDL-C at 12 months than those with high education (0.3 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.5).Conclusions: Nurse-led, telephone-based secondary preventive follow-up led to comparable improvements in BP across education groups, while routine follow-up disfavored those with low education.Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN23868518, June 19, 2012 - Retrospectively registered
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| 10. |
- Mooe, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The NAILED stroke risk factor trial (Nurse based Age independent Intervention to Limit Evolution of Disease after stroke) : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 14, s. 5-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Secondary prevention after stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) is essential in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Secondary stroke prevention studies have, however, been fairly small, or performed as clinical trials with non-representative patient selection. Long-term follow-up data is also limited. A nurse-led follow-up for risk factor improvement may be effective but the evidence is limited. The aims of this study are to perform an adequately sized, nurse-led, long-term secondary preventive follow-up with a population-based inclusion of stroke and TIA patients. The focus will be on blood pressure and lipid control as well as tobacco use and physical activity. Methods: A randomized, controlled, long-term, population-based trial with two parallel groups. The patients will be included during the initial hospital stay. Important outcome variables are sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Outcomes will be measured after 12, 24 and 36 months of follow-up. Trained nurses will manage the intervention group with a focus on reaching set treatment goals as soon as possible. The control group will receive usual care. At least 200 patients will be included in each group, in order to reliably detect a difference in mean systolic blood pressure of 5 mmHg. This sample size is also adequate for detection of clinically meaningful group differences in the other outcomes. Discussion: This study will test the hypothesis that a nurse-led, long-term follow-up after stroke with a focus on reaching set treatment goals as soon as possible, is an effective secondary preventive method. If proven effective, this method could be implemented in general practice at a low cost.
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