| 1. |
- Bajor, Antal, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Indirect evidence for increased mechanosensitivity of jejunal secretomotor neurones in patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta physiologica (Oxford, England). - : Wiley. - 1748-1716 .- 1748-1708. ; 197:2, s. 129-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interdigestive motor rhythm, the migrating motor complex (MMC), is accompanied by active secretion of chloride during periods of distally propagating maximal motor activity (MMC phase III). We studied the behaviour of this system in bile acid malabsorption (BAM), a relative common cause of chronic diarrhoea. We measured motor activity and transmucosal potential difference (PD, reflecting active chloride secretion), in the proximal jejunum in healthy controls (n = 18) and in a group of patients with BAM (n = 11). The phase III-generated voltage was related to the degree of BAM quantified by the (75)SeHCAT test.
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| 2. |
- Bajor, Antal, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Normal or increased bile acid uptake in isolated mucosa from patients with bile acid malabsorption.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. - 0954-691X. ; 18:4, s. 397-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Bile acid malabsorption as reflected by an abnormal 75Se-labelled homocholic acid-taurine (75SeHCAT) test is associated with diarrhoea, but the mechanisms and cause-and-effect relations are unclear. Objectives: Primarily, to determine whether there is a reduced active bile acid uptake in the terminal ileum in patients with bile acid malabsorption. Secondarily, to study the linkage between bile acid malabsorption and hepatic bile acid synthesis. Methods: Ileal biopsies were taken from patients with diarrhoea and from controls with normal bowel habits. Maximal active bile acid uptake was assessed in ileal biopsies using a previously validated technique based on uptake of 14C-labelled taurocholate. To monitor the hepatic synthesis, 7[alpha]-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, a bile acid precursor, was assayed in blood. The 75SeHCAT-retention test was used to diagnose bile acid malabsorption. Results: The taurocholate uptake in specimens from diarrhoea patients was higher compared with the controls [median, 7.7 (n=53) vs 6.1 [mu]mol/g per min (n=17)] (P<0.01) but no difference was seen between those with bile acid malabsorption (n=18) versus diarrhoea with a normal 75SeHCAT test (n=23). The 75SeHCAT values and 7[alpha]-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one were inversely correlated. Conclusions: The data do not support bile acid malabsorption being due to a reduced active bile acid uptake capacity in the terminal ileum. (C) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Fear and the Amygdala : Manipulation of Awareness Generates Differential Cerebral Responses to Phobic and Fear-Relevant (but Nonfeared) Stimuli
- 2004
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Ingår i: Emotion. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1528-3542 .- 1931-1516. ; 4:4, s. 340-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid response to danger holds an evolutionary advantage. In this positron emission tomography study, phobics were exposed to masked visual stimuli with timings that either allowed awareness or not of either phobic, fear-relevant (e.g., spiders to snake phobics), or neutral images. When the timing did not permit awareness, the amygdala responded to both phobic and fear-relevant stimuli. With time for more elaborate processing, phobic stimuli resulted in an addition of an affective processing network to the amygdala activity, whereas no activity was found in response to fear-relevant stimuli. Also, right prefrontal areas appeared deactivated, comparing aware phobic and fear-relevant conditions. Thus, a shift from top-down control to an affectively driven system optimized for speed was observed in phobic relative to fear-relevant aware processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
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| 5. |
- Dahlén, Rahil, et al.
(författare)
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Global mucosal and serum cytokine profile in patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing anti-TNF therapy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 50:9, s. 1118-1126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective. The knowledge of the effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment on the global cytokine profile in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited. A better understanding of these mechanisms could improve the ability to select patients that should undergo the therapy. Therefore, the aim was to determine the global mucosal and serum cytokine profile before and during induction therapy with anti-TNF in UC patients. Materials and methods. In total, mucosal biopsies (n = 28) and serum samples (n = 42) were collected from UC patients (total n = 48) before anti-TNF therapy. At week 14 response to the therapy was evaluated and again mucosal biopsies (n = 14) and serum samples (n = 42) were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine mucosal cytokine mRNA expression and the MSD MULTI-ARRAY assay system platform was used for analysis of cytokines in serum. The global cytokine profile was evaluated by multivariate factor analysis. Results. At baseline, the global profile of mucosal cytokine mRNA expression and serum cytokines discriminated therapy responders from non-responders. Responders had lower mucosal mRNA expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-17A, IL-6 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) than non-responders. Fourteen weeks after therapy start mucosal IL-1 beta and IL-6 were down-regulated in therapy responders but not in non-responders. At week 14, serum levels of IL-6 were decreased in therapy responders whereas IFN-gamma and IL-12p70 were increased in non-responders. Conclusions. Our data suggest that patients with a therapy failure have a more severe pro-inflammatory cytokine profile before start of anti-TNF treatment, which is less well suppressed by the treatment as compared to therapy responders.
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| 6. |
- Esteves, Francisco, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Automatically elicited fear : Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions
- 1994
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Ingår i: Cognition & Emotion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9931 .- 1464-0600. ; 8:5, s. 393-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined automatic elicitation of conditioned skin conductance responses (SCRs), when a backward masking procedure prevented the subject's conscious awareness of the conditioned stimuli (CSs). The CSs were pictures of emotional facial expressions. A differential conditioning procedure was used. One facial expression (e.g. an angry face) was aversively conditioned by a shock unconditioned stimulus, whereas another facial expression (e.g. a happy face) was never presented with the shock. After conditioning, the CSs were presented backwardly masked by a neutral face. This procedure prevented conscious perception of the CS. Nevertheless, reliable differential SCRs were obtained when the CS had been an angry face. This effect, however, was dependent on the subject's direction of attention. When attention was focused on the mask, no differential responding was observed. Thus it was concluded that, when fear-relevant stimuli (angry faces) served as the CS, elicitation of SCRs was automatic in the sense that it was possible even when the subjects were not aware of the stimuli presented. However, it was only partially automatic because the effect was modified by attention.
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| 7. |
- Esteves, Francisco, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Masking the face : Recognition of emotional facial expressions as a function of the parameters of backward masking
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 34:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four experiments are reported investigating recognition of emotional expressions in very briefly presented facial stimulus. The faces were backwardly masked by neutral facial displays and recognition of facial expressions was analyzed as a function of the manipulation of different parameters in the masking procedure. The main conclusion was that stimulus onset asynchrony between target and mask proved to be the principal factor influencing recognition of the masked expressions. In general, confident recognitions of facial expressions required about 100–150 msec, with shorter time for happy than for angry expressions. The manipulation of the duration of both the target and the mask, by itself, had only minimal effects.
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| 8. |
- Esteves, Francisco, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Nonconscious associative learning : Pavlovian conditioning of skin conductance responses to masked fear-relevant facial stimuli
- 1994
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 31:4, s. 375-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the possibility of nonconscious associative learning in a context of skin conductance conditioning, using emotional facial expressions as stimuli. In the first experiment, subjects were conditioned to a backwardly masked angry face that was followed by electric shock, with a masked happy face as the nonreinforced stimulus. In spite of the effectively masked conditioned stimuli, differential conditioned skin conductance responses were observed in a subsequent nonmasked extinction phase. This effect could not be attributed to differential sensitization or pseudo‐conditioning. In the second experiment, the differential responding during extinction was replicated with angry but not with happy faces as conditioned stimuli. It was concluded that with fear‐relevant facialexpressions as the conditioned stimulus, associative learning was possible even in conditions where the subjects remained unaware of the conditioned stimulus, associative learning was possible even in conditions where the subjects remained unaware of the conditioned stimulus and its relationship to the unconditioned stimulus.
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| 9. |
- Flykt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Skin Conductance Responses to Masked Conditioned stimuli : Phylogenetic/Ontogenetic Factors versus direction of threat?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 74:3, s. 328-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionarily old threat stimuli are likely to require less conscious information processing than threat stimuli of a more recent date. To test this proposal two differential conditioning experiments, with biological threat stimuli (e.g. snakes) in half the groups and cultural threat stimuli (e.g. guns) in the other half, were conducted. The conditioned (CS+) and the control (CS−) stimuli were backward masked during the extinction phase to prevent conscious recognition. The differential skin conductance responding for both biological and cultural threat stimuli survived the masking procedure when the conditioned stimuli were directed towards the participants (Experiment 1), but for neither type of CS when stimuli were not directed towards the participants (Experiment 2). These findings are discussed in relation to the previous finding by Öhman and co-workers and in relation to imminence of threat.
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| 10. |
- Fredrikson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Forskningsresultaten inom KBT är otvetydiga : Replik
- 2009
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 106:18-19, s. 1294-1296
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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