| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Bajor, Antal, 1962, et al.
(author)
-
Indirect evidence for increased mechanosensitivity of jejunal secretomotor neurones in patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption.
- 2009
-
In: Acta physiologica (Oxford, England). - : Wiley. - 1748-1716 .- 1748-1708. ; 197:2, s. 129-37
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interdigestive motor rhythm, the migrating motor complex (MMC), is accompanied by active secretion of chloride during periods of distally propagating maximal motor activity (MMC phase III). We studied the behaviour of this system in bile acid malabsorption (BAM), a relative common cause of chronic diarrhoea. We measured motor activity and transmucosal potential difference (PD, reflecting active chloride secretion), in the proximal jejunum in healthy controls (n = 18) and in a group of patients with BAM (n = 11). The phase III-generated voltage was related to the degree of BAM quantified by the (75)SeHCAT test.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bashashati, M, et al.
(author)
-
Cytokine imbalance in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2014
-
In: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. - : Wiley. - 1365-2982. ; 26:7, s. 1036-1048
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology; although infection and inflammation have recently been considered as important etiologic agents. A recent meta-analysis showed correlations between cytokine [interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] gene polymorphisms and IBS; however, it is still unknown whether patients with IBS have different cytokine profiles compared to healthy population.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bennet, Sean, et al.
(author)
-
Systemic cytokines are elevated in a subset of patients with irritable bowel syndrome but largely unrelated to symptom characteristics
- 2018
-
In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 30:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundSerum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tend to be increased in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, or subgroups thereof. Still, the link between cytokine levels and IBS symptoms is unclear. We aim to determine systemic cytokine levels in IBS patients and healthy subjects (HS), confirm the presence of a subset of patients with an increased immune activity and to establish if cytokines are linked to IBS symptoms and pathophysiological factors. MethodsSerum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-10 were measured. All subjects reported IBS symptoms using validated questionnaires and underwent colonic sensorimotor testing. Multivariate supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were implemented. Key ResultsIrritable bowel syndrome patients (n=246) had higher serum levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF, and IL-10 compared to HS (n=21); however, serum cytokine profiles could not discriminate patients from HS. Moreover, cytokine levels were not correlated with symptoms among patients. Supervised OPLS-DA identified 104 patients (40% of patients) and unsupervised HCA analysis identified 49 patients (20%) with an increased immune activity indicated by elevated levels of serum cytokines compared to HS and the other patients. However, irrespective of how patients with increased immune activity were identified they were symptomatically similar to patients with no indication of increased immune activity. Conclusions & InferencesSerum cytokines are elevated in IBS patients compared to HS. Immune activation characterizes a subset of patients, but modest associations between cytokine profile and symptoms suggest immune activity does not directly influence symptoms in IBS.
|
|
| 5. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(author)
-
Conditions for Transformative Learning for Sustainable Development : A Theoretical Review and Approach
- 2018
-
In: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Casen, C., et al.
(author)
-
Deviations in human gut microbiota: a novel diagnostic test for determining dysbiosis in patients with IBS or IBD
- 2015
-
In: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 42:1, s. 71-83
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundDysbiosis is associated with many diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), obesity and diabetes. Potential clinical impact of imbalance in the intestinal microbiota suggests need for new standardised diagnostic methods to facilitate microbiome profiling. AimTo develop and validate a novel diagnostic test using faecal samples to profile the intestinal microbiota and identify and characterise dysbiosis. MethodsFifty-four DNA probes targeting 300 bacteria on different taxonomic levels were selected based on ability to distinguish between healthy controls and IBS patients in faecal samples. Overall, 165 healthy controls (normobiotic reference collection) were used to develop a dysbiosis model with a bacterial profile and Dysbiosis Index score output. The model algorithmically assesses faecal bacterial abundance and profile, and potential clinically relevant deviation in the microbiome from normobiosis. This model was tested in different samples from healthy volunteers and IBS and IBD patients (n=330) to determine the ability to detect dysbiosis. ResultsValidation confirms dysbiosis was detected in 73% of IBS patients, 70% of treatment-naive IBD patients and 80% of IBD patients in remission, vs. 16% of healthy individuals. Comparison of deep sequencing and the GA-map Dysbiosis Test, (Genetic Analysis AS, Oslo, Norway) illustrated good agreement in bacterial capture; the latter showing higher resolution by targeting pre-determined highly relevant bacteria. ConclusionsThe GA-map Dysbiosis Test identifies and characterises dysbiosis in IBS and IBD patients, and provides insight into a patient's intestinal microbiota. Evaluating microbiota as a diagnostic strategy may allow monitoring of prescribed treatment regimens and improvement in new therapeutic approaches.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Sven A.E., et al.
(author)
-
CCBuilder: a software that produces synthetic microstructures of WC-Co cemented carbides
- 2019
-
In: International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-4368 .- 2213-3917. ; 78, s. 210-218
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, the software CCBuilder and its methods to generate synthetic three-dimensional (3D) microstructures of WC-Co cemented carbides are presented. Generating synthetic microstructures is critical, as it enables accurate virtual testing where influences from microstructural parameters can be investigated in a systematic and controlled way. The model of the microstructure is based on a voxel description of the material volume and the WC grains are represented as truncated triangular prisms. The grains are inserted into the simulation domain and to obtain a realistic microstructure a combination of packing and a Monte Carlo Potts simulation is used. The orientations of all individual WC grains are known and it is shown that the microstructure is built up of two interpenetrating networks, the WC grains and the Co phase. Numerical studies are presented to show how input parameters to CCBuilder, such as grain size, grain shape, packing strategy, voxel density, system size, and Monte-Carlo steps affect the resulting simulated microstructure. The obtained microstructures are geometrically realistic and the contiguity of the carbide phase shows very good agreement with published experimental data.
|
|
| 8. |
- Polster, Annikka, et al.
(author)
-
Subgroups of IBS patients are characterized by specific, reproducible profiles of GI and non-GI symptoms and report differences in healthcare utilization: A population-based study
- 2019
-
In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 31:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background In a previous clinical sample of IBS patients, subgroups characterized by profiles of GI and non-GI symptoms were identified. We aimed to replicate these subgroups and symptom associations in participants fulfilling IBS diagnostic criteria from a population-based study and relate them to healthcare utilization. Methods An Internet-based health survey was completed by general population adults from United States, Canada, and UK. Respondents fulfilling IBS diagnosis (Rome III and IV) were analyzed for latent subgroups using Gaussian mixture model analysis. Symptom measures were derived from validated questionnaires: IBS-related GI symptoms (Rome IV), extraintestinal somatic symptoms (PHQ-12), and psychological symptoms (SF-8). Key Results A total of 637 respondents fulfilled Rome III criteria (average age 46 years, range 18-87, 66% females) and 341 Rome IV criteria (average age 44, range 18-77, 64% female) for IBS. Seven subgroups were identified in the Rome III cohort, characterized by profiles of GI symptoms (constipation-related, diarrhea-related, and mixed, respectively), and further distinguished by the presence or absence of non-GI comorbidities. The Rome IV cohort showed five similar but less distinct subgroups with a preponderance of mixed symptom profiles. Higher severity of non-GI comorbidities was associated with more frequent healthcare visits and medication usage. Conclusions and Inferences In line with previous findings in a clinical IBS cohort, we were able to identify population-based subgroups characterized by a combination of GI symptoms with the additional distinction made by varying severity of non-GI symptoms and with differences in healthcare utilization.
|
|
