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- Fronczek, Jakub, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between the Clinical Frailty Scale and short-term mortality in patients ≥ 80 years old acutely admitted to the ICU : a prospective cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is frequently used to measure frailty in critically ill adults. There is wide variation in the approach to analysing the relationship between the CFS score and mortality after admission to the ICU. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of modelling approach on the association between the CFS score and short-term mortality and quantify the prognostic value of frailty in this context.METHODS: We analysed data from two multicentre prospective cohort studies which enrolled intensive care unit patients ≥ 80 years old in 26 countries. The primary outcome was mortality within 30-days from admission to the ICU. Logistic regression models for both ICU and 30-day mortality included the CFS score as either a categorical, continuous or dichotomous variable and were adjusted for patient's age, sex, reason for admission to the ICU, and admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.RESULTS: The median age in the sample of 7487 consecutive patients was 84 years (IQR 81-87). The highest fraction of new prognostic information from frailty in the context of 30-day mortality was observed when the CFS score was treated as either a categorical variable using all original levels of frailty or a nonlinear continuous variable and was equal to 9% using these modelling approaches (p < 0.001). The relationship between the CFS score and mortality was nonlinear (p < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Knowledge about a patient's frailty status adds a substantial amount of new prognostic information at the moment of admission to the ICU. Arbitrary simplification of the CFS score into fewer groups than originally intended leads to a loss of information and should be avoided. Trial registration NCT03134807 (VIP1), NCT03370692 (VIP2).
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| 3. |
- Agelfors, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic visual speech driven from auditory speech
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Audio-Visual Speech Processing (AVSP'99)).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed two different methods for using auditory, telephone speech to drive the movements of a synthetic face. In the first method, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) were trained on a phonetically transcribed telephone speech database. The output of the HMMs was then fed into a rulebased visual speech synthesizer as a string of phonemes together with time labels. In the second method, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were trained on the same database to map acoustic parameters directly to facial control parameters. These target parameter trajectories were generated by using phoneme strings from a database as input to the visual speech synthesis The two methods were evaluated through audiovisual intelligibility tests with ten hearing impaired persons, and compared to “ideal” articulations (where no recognition was involved), a natural face, and to the intelligibility of the audio alone. It was found that the HMM method performs considerably better than the audio alone condition (54% and 34% keywords correct respectively), but not as well as the “ideal” articulating artificial face (64%). The intelligibility for the ANN method was 34% keywords correct.
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| 5. |
- Carrington, Thomas, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical test of the hierarchical construct of professionalism and managerialism in the accounting profession
- 2013
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Ingår i: Behavioral Research in Accounting. - : American Accounting Association. - 1050-4753 .- 1558-8009. ; 25:2, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research into the tension between professionalism and commercialism in the accounting profession is inconclusive and warrants greater attention. How to conceptualize and measure these constructs are thus pressing concerns. Using questionnaire data from 1646 auditors in Sweden, and applying confirmatory factor analysis and structural regression models within a structural equation modeling framework to a measurement model developed by Suddaby et al. (2009), we find little empirical evidence for the existence of the two logics of professionalism and managerialism (i.e., commercialism) as two higher-order latent constructs shared by auditors. However, we find that two sub-elements of the proposed higher-order constructs do discriminate between each other in a way that could indicate two exclusive value statements in the accounting profession connected to the professionalism-commercialism tension: these are the respective emphases on independence enforcement and client commitment.
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| 6. |
- Carrington, Thomas, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Compliance and Convergence of Auditor Commitments to Professional Values : A Contextual Analysis
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By emphasising the work context of auditing in terms of clients served, and by disentangling conformity into compliance and convergence this article extends the institutional analysis of conformity and variation in value commitments in the auditing profession. We find that type of client is a factor that results in differences in compliance and convergence to professional value commitments in the complete sample of 1,646 Swedish Big 4 and non-Big 4 auditors. By analysing not only compliance to value commitments, but also how closely sub-groups within the profession resemble each other (i.e., convergence), we contribute by showing that the type of client served is both a source of conformity and destabilizing factor within the auditing profession, and that Big 4 firms are less homogenous than typically portrayed in previous research.
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