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| 2. |
- Hägg, Göran M, et al.
(författare)
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Belastningar i städyrket - vilka är de och hur kan belastningen minskas?
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I storleksordningen 60 % av alla städare har ont varje vecka. Ytterligare i storleksordningen 20-25 % har ont ibland. Intervjuer med städare (se Bilaga 5) samt tidigare med arbetsskadade städare visar att besvären är vanliga och ofta uppkommer gradvis. Besvären märks mest efter arbetet, varför sambandet med arbetet inte alltid är tydligt. Om inget görs, kan besvären förvärras och leda till en mer bestående skada och/eller sjukfrånvaro. Rapporten beskriver belastningar vid olika arbetsmoment som förekommer vid städning samt vid städning av några vanliga lokaltyper som kontor, sjukhus och vårdcentraler, skolor och daghem, samt åtgärder som minskar belastningen. De åtgärder som krävs för att minska belastningen är: - Mer varierade arbetsuppgifter - Moderna städmetoder. Svabbning och våtmoppning är direkt olämpliga och bör användas endast i undantagsfall. - Bra städredskap, anpassade till arbetsuppgiften. - En organisation som inte överbelastar städare och som fördelar tunga arbetsuppgifter på flera. - Att städare har utbildning i och tillämpar god arbetsteknik. - Att lokalernas inredning är städvänlig. - Att lokalernas utformning är städvänlig - Att städare och deras arbetsledare och chefer uppmärksammar när någon börjar få ont och vidtar tidiga åtgärder för att minska belastningen Rapportens slutsats är att många aktörer behöver samverka för att minska städarnas belastning, bl a företag som upphandlar städtjänster, städarbetsgivare, städare, brukare av lokaler (som städas av städare), inredare och arkitekter.
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| 3. |
- Hägg, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Physical load in cleaning work : a review of strenuous work tasks
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An action program with the aim to reduce work injuries and disorders among Swedish cleaners is presently carried out. Several sub-projects are accomplished within the project frame. In this paper, findings in several sub-projects regarding physical work load in cleaning work are summarized. Main data collection methods have been VIDAR-filming, interviews and questionnaires. Supplementary EMG measurements, biomechanical analysis with computer models and systematic observations with the OWAS method have also been performed. In total 61 cleaners have been studied in different ways encompassing all major types of cleaning work. The results show very few single tasks exhibit loads that from a strict biomechanical standpoint are injurious when performed a few times while repetitive monotonous tasks and awkward body postures are very frequent. Common repetitive tasks seen in most types of cleaning are mopping and dusting/wiping of various surfaces, often in awkward postures. Other common strenuous tasks are making beds in hotels, trains and cruise ships, handling of waste baskets and bags, cleaning of toilets and bathrooms and cleaning of stairs. The loads in some of these tasks are unnecessarily high due to the use of obsolete equipment and methods. Organizational issues are also important factors determining the total load on cleaners. Thorough cleaning campaigns on top of daily routines and gradual downsizing of staff with unchanged duties are examples of such issues. Obstacles caused by architecture, interior design and choice of furniture are also causing strenuous tasks.
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| 5. |
- Kumar, Rupesh, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of muscular activity while mopping floor on two different types of floor
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In cleaning occupations, about 80% of all cleaning tasks are done by manual cleaning tools, and about 30%-35% of working time is spent on mopping floors. Cleaning is considered as a physically demanding and strenuous job. This study examines the effects of mopping on polished and non-polished linoleum floors in school classrooms in terms of muscular activity and subjective awareness. Ten professional cleaners volunteered for this study and surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded from six muscle groups; left and right wrist extensor, right and left anterior deltoid and right and left upper trapezius. The cleaners were randomly assigned a type of floor to be used in each test. The cleaners performed the mopping task for both polished and non-polished floors at their normal working rate. The results show no significant difference (p<0.05) in muscular activity while mopping on the polished floor compared to the non-polished floor; however, the cleaners rated the polished floor more comfortable to mop.
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| 6. |
- Kumar, Rupesh, et al.
(författare)
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Muscular activity during staircase cleaning while using an easily adjustable and a non-adjustable mop stick
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professional cleaners are known to experience considerable musculoskeletal problems due to the static muscular work that have to be maintained throughout their working period as well as those due to highly repetitive movements of the arms and hands. About 80% of the cleaning job is done with the manual cleaning tool. In this study, staircase cleaning was studied and analyzed with special focus on muscular load differences resulting from using an easily adjustable as opposed to a non-adjustable mop stick. Thirteen professional cleaners participated in this study. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded from six muscle groups (left and right wrist extensor, right and left middle deltoid and right and left upper trapezius) while cleaners performed the staircase cleaning task at their normal pace for about five minutes using the easily adjustable and the non adjustable mop stick in random order. At the end of each test the cleaners rated their perceived exertion on the Borg scale (0-10) for the upper part of the body. The results showed significantly higher mean sEMG activity recorded from the right middle deltoid and right upper trapezius while using the non-adjustable stick as compared to the easily adjustable stick (p<0.05). sEMG activity from the left middle deltoid and left upper trapezius showed no significant difference as all participating cleaners were right handed. The cleaners rated less exertion in the upper body parts while using the adjustable mop stick compared to the non-adjustable mop stick. The adjustable stick was also found to be more comfortable to use. It is concluded that while using a non-adjustable mop stick cleaners were compelled to adopt their right hand arm in abducted position in order to steer the mop while cleaning the staircase.
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| 8. |
- Lundmark, Felix, 1994-
(författare)
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Framtidens arbete i den digitala och gröna omställningen : Förändring och stabilisering
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation focuses on the construction of future steel work and work environment in relation to the ongoing digital and green transitions. The transitions include a clear focus on technology and has so far been lacking a focus on work. Future steel work run the risk of being forgotten in the transition processes, or only indirectly addressed. The purpose is therefore to investigate how new technology, based on the transitions, is constructed in the steel industry and how this relates to the development of the future work and work environment. This refers to the construction that takes place in the form of the process by which technology is constructed by actors, and to the construction that takes place in the form of descriptions and interpretations of new technology, through which it is given meaning.The dissertation is based on a sociotechnical tradition but utilizes theories from science and technology studies on the social construction of technology to understand how actors participate and contribute to the development of technology. The empirical data has been produced mainly from semi-structured interviews with managers, project managers, and workers with union roles, which through thematic analysis has resulted in six different main themes: work environment and safety, rationalization, competence, environment, influence, and gender equality. The empirical material also includes documents and empirical data produced during workplace visits, meetings, etc. in the shape of a logbook.The results demonstrate that work is largely absent in the descriptions of new technology. New technology is primarily interpreted and described as rationalizing the production process or being linked directly to fossil-free steelmaking. At the same time, descriptions of new technology in relation to work indicate that new technology is generally regarded as the solution to existing problems, primarily described as physical. New technology being viewed as the solution to today's problems has also proven to be the case for the environmental challenges, where fossil-free steelmaking is broadly considered to be the solution. The understanding of fossil-free steelmaking in relation to work is reduced to an understanding of the possibility of fewer jobs in the future. Similarly, new technology is seen as contributing to addressing challenges of gender equality, primarily expressed interms of eliminating heavy work tasks and thus being able to influence the gender distribution at the company. On the other hand, new technology is expected to increase the skills requirement for workers that are faced with working alongside a more technologically advanced production system.From a process perspective, future work can be seen as constructed through investment projects that gradually stabilize the future work and work environment, from social constructions to concrete work tasks. Future work and work environments are stabilized by methods where primarily the physical dimension of the work environment is prioritized, in a process where the most intense stabilization take place at an early stage. The opportunities to create good future work and work environments are reduced to the degrees of freedom and resources that remain, in relation to the project participants' competence regarding work environment and the workers' ability to represent the interests of their respective groups. The consequence is that the process relies on user participation, which can be characterized to include information to workers, worker input and difficulties in recruiting workers as project participants.The dissertation concludes that the good future steel work is left out of the construction of new technology by the combination of a belief in new technology as the solution to today's problems, and a process that mainly focuses on one of the three dimensions of the work environment. The exclusion of the good work does not mean that work is not affected within the transitions, but rather that the construction of the future work takes place whether it is intentionally in the direction of good work, or indirectly by means of other purposes.
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