| 1. |
- Abreu, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Well-being effects of self-employment : A spatial inquiry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Venturing. - : Elsevier. - 0883-9026 .- 1873-2003. ; 34:4, s. 589-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our paper presents an empirical analysis of entrepreneurial well-being using a large-scale longitudinal household survey from the UK that tracks almost 50,000 individuals across seven waves over the period 2009–2017, as well as a number of exploratory case studies. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating how entrepreneurial well-being varies across locations along the urban-rural continuum, and across wealthy-deprived neighbourhoods. We use a Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) approach to compare the well-being outcomes of individuals who switch into self-employment from waged employment, and show that entrepreneurial well-being, in the form of job satisfaction, is significantly higher for those living in semi-urban locations, relative to those living in urban and rural locations. We argue that semi-urban locations provide an optimal combination of ease of doing business and quality of life. Our results also show that individuals in wealthy neighbourhoods who switch into self-employment experience higher job satisfaction than otherwise comparable individuals living in materially deprived neighbourhoods, although the latter experience greater levels of life satisfaction following the switch.
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| 2. |
- Backman, Mikaela, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation in the hospitality industry : Firm or location?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tourism Economics. - : Sage Publications. - 1354-8166 .- 2044-0375. ; 23:8, s. 1591-1614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hospitality industry is a rapidly growing revenue generator in many countries and is becoming economically important for generating employment and for integrating of immigrants into the labor market. As an industry where firms face fierce competition, it is important for the firms to maintain their competitiveness by distinguishing themselves from others through continuous improvements and innovations. In this article, we investigate the determinants of innovation in the hospitality industry by analyzing survey data gathered from over 900 firms in Sweden. In the analysis, we differentiate between firm-specific and location-specific features. We conclude that the most important characteristics that explain innovation lie within the firm itself, not the location. These results provide important insights regarding firm- versus location-placed innovation policies.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Baycan, Tüzin, et al.
(författare)
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The dark side of social capital : a contextual perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - : Springer. - 0570-1864 .- 1432-0592. ; 70, s. 779-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to provide a brief review of the much neglected ‘dark side’ of social capital. To highlight the contextual nature of social capital by way of examples from different geographies, we draw attention to the potentially detrimental effects associated with the concept. A significant body of literature addresses the advantages of being connected to various types of social bridges and bonds. While emphasising the ‘bright side’ of social capital, that literature pays limited attention to the negative attributes of social ties and their potentially detrimental effects on a number of social and economic outcomes. Although it is not reasonable to establish a dichotomy between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ social capital, it is possible to conceptualise such negative attributes in the light of the existing literature, in which the context-dependent nature of social capital is accentuated. We focus on two critical questions: (i) Why is it essential to address the contextual nature of social capital? (ii) How could geography come into play?
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| 5. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Retail and Place Attractiveness : The Effects of Big-Box Entry on Property Values
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geographical Analysis. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 0016-7363 .- 1538-4632. ; 53:3, s. 467-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The opponents of big-box entry argue that large retail establishments generate a variety of negative externalities. The advocates, on the contrary, argue that access to a large retail market not only delivers direct economic benefits, but also a variety of positive spill-over effects, and therefore, can be considered a consumer amenity that increases the attractiveness of the entry location. To test the validity of these competing arguments, we use the entry of IKEA in Sweden as a quasi-experiment and investigate if increased access to retail is associated with place attractiveness, where attractiveness is proxied by residential property values. We find that entry by IKEA increases prices of the properties sold in the entry cities by, on average, 4.2% or 62,980 SEK (approximately 6,600 USD), but such an effect is statistically insignificant for the properties in the immediate vicinity of the new IKEA retail trade area. We also observe an attenuation of the effect with distance from the new IKEA store, where the properties located 10 km away experience a 2% price increase. Our results indicate that large retailers have the potential to increase place attractiveness, but perhaps not in the immediate vicinity of the new establishment.
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| 6. |
- Klaesson, Johan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic enclaves and segregation—self-employment and employment patterns among forced migrants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 56:3, s. 985-1006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relevance of residential segregation and ethnic enclaves for labor market sorting of immigrants has been investigated by a large body of literature. Previous literature presents competing arguments and mixed results for the effects of segregation and ethnic concentration on various labor market outcomes. The geographical size of the area at which segregation and/or ethnic concentration is measured, however, is left to empirical work to determine. We argue that ethnic concentration and segregation should not be used interchangeably, and more importantly, the geographical area at which they are measured relates directly to different mechanisms. We use a probabilistic approach to identify the likelihood that an immigrant is employed or a self-employed entrepreneur in the year 2005 with respect to residential segregation and ethnic concentration at the level of the neighborhood, municipality, and local labor market level jointly. We study three groups of immigrants that accentuate the differences between forced and pulled migrants: (i) the first 15 member states of European Union (referred to as EU 15) and the Nordic countries, (ii) the Balkan countries, and (iii) countries in the Middle East. We find that ethnic enclaves, proxied by ethnic concentration at varying levels, indicate mixed results for the different immigrant groups we study, both for their employment and entrepreneurship probability, whereas residential segregation has a more uniformly distributed result where its relationship to any of the two labor market outcomes is almost always negative or insignificant.
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| 7. |
- Klaesson, Johan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Getting the first job : Size and quality of ethnic enclaves and refugee labor market entry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 61:1, s. 112-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the relationship between residence in an ethnic enclave and immigrants' labor market integration with respect to finding a first job in the receiving country. The analysis distinguishes between the size and the quality of the ethnic enclaves, where quality is measured in terms of employment rate among ethnic peers in the same neighborhood. We use longitudinal geo-coded registry data for two distinct groups of immigrants arriving in the Stockholm metropolitan area to investigate their initial labor market contact. The first group of immigrants moved from the Balkans in the early 1990s following the Yugoslavian war, and the second group arrived from the Middle East following the second Iraq War in 2006. We estimate the probability of finding a first job using probit regressions and complement the analysis with additional duration models. To draw causal inference, we use instrumentation that combines initial neighborhood variables with citywide variation over time. We provide empirical evidence that the employment rate of the respective immigrant group in the vicinity facilitates labor market integration of new immigrants. The influences of the overall employment rate and the share of conationals in the neighborhood tend to be positive, but less robustly so. Our results are consistent with the notion that the qualitative nature of an enclave is at least as important as the sheer number of ethnic peers in helping new immigrants find jobs.
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| 8. |
- Klaesson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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In search of services in the market place : A probability of presence approach for retail services in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Innovative Marketing. - : Business Perspectives. - 1814-2427. ; 8:3, s. 47-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the probability of finding a number retail services in Swedish municipalities with respect to theirmarket potential. In particular, the authors investigate how different degrees of market potential affects the presence ofcertain retail activities in central and non-central municipalities in Sweden. Using a probabilistic approach, the resultssuggest that, for both central and non-central municipalities, the probability of finding certain retail services dependsheavily on the market potential within the municipality. The size of the external market is determined to have a varyingimpact depending both on the size of the market place, and the type of the retail branch investigated.
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| 9. |
- Klaesson, Johan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Who works longer - and why? : Regional and individual characteristics in the timing of retirement
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0040-747X .- 1467-9663. ; 109:3, s. 350-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Who works longer - and why? This paper investigates the characteristics of people that stay longer in the workforce, even beyond the time they are eligible to retire. In our regional analysis, we use an 11-year balanced panel of 290 Swedish regions. In the individual analysis, we use a large individual level panel to apply Cox proportional hazard estimates on 'risk' of entering retirement. Our results show a large gender difference: women tend to retire earlier than men. Between employees and entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs retire later. People in larger regions tend to retire later. Higher house prices, and the share of small firms in a region correlate with a lower likelihood of retirement. The local tax rate and the share of blue-collar workers in a region is significantly related to lower retirement age. A high average wage, commuting intensity, and high human capital in a region is associated with later retirement.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Helena
(författare)
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Spatial organization of retail activities
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a compilation of four independent papers that examine the spatial process of retail location. The central question I ask is how changes in access to consumer demand affects retail in terms of size and survival. I empirically analyze these aspects on municipality, neighborhood and firm level using Swedish data from Statistics Sweden, HUI Research AB and Datscha Sweden.The first paper (co-authored with Sven-Olov Daunfeldt, Oana Mihaescu and Niklas Rudholm) examines the effect of durable goods big-box retailer IKEA entry on retail net turnover and employment in the municipalities of entry and their neighbors. In the second paper I assess the effect of IKEA entry on firm level net turnover and employment of retail, restaurants, and accommodation firms at varying distances from the new IKEA. The third paper (co-authored with Johan Klaesson) addresses the relationship between entry of out-of-town located shopping malls and the exit of incumbent stores. We examine how the probability of exit relates to the order of the goods that are sold by the retailers and how local density of demand influences the outcome. In the third paper I examine changes in food store access by proximity on the neighborhood level and how this is related to population density.
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