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| 2. |
- Cervin, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Functional effects of neuropeptide Y receptors on blood flow and nitric oxide levels in the human nose
- 1999
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1535-4970 .- 1073-449X. ; 160:5, s. 1724-1728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine dose-dependent effects of intranasal application of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on nasal mucosal blood flow, blood content, and intranasal nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and blood content by rhinomanometry. Mucosal biopsies were taken for investigation of Y1 and Y2 receptor mRNA expression, using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intranasal application of NPY evoked a dose-dependent reduction of nasal mucosal blood flow. Maximal vasoconstriction, seen at 12 nmol, was -37.5 +/- 6.2%, p < 0.05 (n = 9). The vasoconstrictive effect developed within 2 to 4 min and lasted > 17 min. NPY evoked a dose-dependent reduction of nasal airway resistance (NAR) on the ipsilateral side. Maximal decrease was -24.0 +/- 10.0% at 12 nmol, p < 0.05 (n = 9). There was a decrease in nasal NO production on the ipsilateral side after application of NPY 12 nmol (-7.4 +/- 1.2%, p < 0.05, n = 8). RT-PCR products corresponding to Y1 receptor but not Y2 receptor mRNA were obtained from biopsies of the nasal mucosa. In conclusion, NPY is a potent vasoconstrictor in the human nose reducing mucosal blood flow, as well as the blood content. The effect is probably mediated via Y1 receptors. NPY receptor agonists may prove beneficial in the treatment of the congested nose in allergic or vasomotor rhinitis.
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| 4. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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The Microbiota of the Gut in Preschool Children With Normal and Excessive Body Weight
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 20:11, s. 2257-2261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota in preschool children with and without overweight and obesity. Twenty overweight or obese children and twenty children with body mass index within the normal range (age: 4-5 years) were recruited from the south of Sweden. The gut microbiota was accessed by quantitative polymerase chain reactions and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and calprotectin was measured in faeces. Liver enzymes were quantified in obese/overweight children. The concentration of the Gram-negative family Enterobacteriaceae was significantly higher in the obese/overweight children (P=0.036) while levels of Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia muciniphila-like bacteria were significantly lower in the obese/overweight children (P=0.027 and P=0.030, respectively). No significant differences were found in content of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium or the Bacteroides fragilis group. The diversity of the dominating bacterial community tended to be less diverse in the obese/overweight group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Concentration of Bifidobacterium was inversely correlated to alanine aminotransferase in obese/overweight children. The faecal levels of calprotectin did not differ between the study groups. These findings indicate that the gut microbiota differed among preschool children with obesity/overweight compared with children with body mass index within the normal range.
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| 5. |
- Orban, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Parents' Time Use and Its Relationship to Child Obesity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics. - Philadelphia : Taylor & Francis. - 0194-2638 .- 1541-3144. ; 34:1, s. 44-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to explore any change in parents' time use together with their children, changes in their perceived occupational value, and its relationship to children's body mass index (BMI) over the course of a one-year occupation-focused family intervention. Method: The study sample consisted of participants in one arm of a randomized controlled trial, involving mothers and fathers (n = 30) of 17 children aged 4-6 years who were considered obese. Data were collected by time-geographical diaries during the intervention and by measuring the parents' occupational value and the children's BMI before and after the intervention. Results: At the end of the intervention, an increase was shown in the amount of time parents spent together with their children during weekdays (p = .042) and the parents perceived occupational value (p = .013). Children's BMI z-score changed with -0.11 units. Conclusion: Collaboration with parents may be useful in interventions aiming at facilitating a normal weight development among children. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
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| 6. |
- Orban, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of an occupation-focused family intervention on change in parents’ time use and children’s body mass index
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0272-9490. ; 68:6, s. e217-e226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE. This study explored factors related to changes in the time parents spent with their children with obesity and associated decreases in children’s body mass index (BMI) z-scores after an occupation-focused intervention.METHOD. Parents participated in a 1-yr occupation-focused intervention to promote healthy family lifestyles. Data on 40 parents of 22 children with obesity ages 4–6 yr were collected before and after intervention and analyzed using linear and multiple regression methods.RESULTS. Parents increased time spent with their children by an average of 91 min/day. Parents’ finances, perceived satisfaction in daily occupations, low BMI, and mastery at inclusion were associated with increased time spent with their children. Mothers’ subjective health and high mastery and fathers’ perceived occupational value and education explained 67% of the variance in children’s BMI z-scores.CONCLUSION. The results indicate important factors to consider in developing interventions that facilitate occupational engagement and health among children with obesity and their families.
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| 7. |
- Orban, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of an Occupation-Focused Family Intervention on Change in Parents' Time Use and Children's Body Mass Index.
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Bethesda : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 68:6, s. 217-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE. This study explored factors related to changes in the time parents spent with their children with obesity and associated decreases in children's body mass index (BMI) z-scores after an occupation-focused intervention. METHOD. Parents participated in a 1-yr occupation-focused intervention to promote healthy family lifestyles. Data on 40 parents of 22 children with obesity ages 4-6 yr were collected before and after intervention and analyzed using linear and multiple regression methods. RESULTS. Parents increased time spent with their children by an average of 91 min/day. Parents' finances, perceived satisfaction in daily occupations, low BMI, and mastery at inclusion were associated with increased time spent with their children. Mothers' subjective health and high mastery and fathers' perceived occupational value and education explained 67% of the variance in children's BMI z-scores. CONCLUSION. The results indicate important factors to consider in developing interventions that facilitate occupational engagement and health among children with obesity and their families.
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| 8. |
- Önnerfält, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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A family-based intervention targeting parents of preschool children with overweight and obesity : Conceptual framework and study design of LOOPS- Lund Overweight and Obesity Preschool Study
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London, UK : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: As the rate of overweight among children is rising there is a need for evidence-based research that will clarify what the best interventional strategies to normalize weight development are. The overall aim of the Lund Overweight and Obesity Preschool Study (LOOPS) is to evaluate if a family-based intervention, targeting parents of preschool children with overweight and obesity, has a long-term positive effect on weight development of the children. The hypothesis is that preschool children with overweight and obesity, whose parents participate in a one-year intervention, both at completion of the one-year intervention and at long term follow up (2-, 3- and 5-years) will have reduced their BMI-for-age z-score.Methods/Design: The study is a randomized controlled trial, including overweight (n=160) and obese (n=80) children 4-6-years-old. The intervention is targeting the parents, who get general information about nutrition and exercise recommendations through a website and are invited to participate in a group intervention with the purpose of supporting them to accomplish preferred lifestyle changes, both in the short and long term. To evaluate the effect of various supports, the parents are randomized to different interventions with the main focus of: 1) supporting the parents in limit setting by emphasizing the importance of positive interactions between parents and children and 2) influencing the patterns of daily activities to induce alterations of everyday life that will lead to healthier lifestyle. The primary outcome variable, child BMI-for-age z-score will be measured at referral, inclusion, after 6 months, at the end of intervention and at 2-, 3- and 5-years post intervention. Secondary outcome variables, measured at inclusion and at the end of intervention, are child activity pattern, eating habits and biochemical markers as well as parent BMI, exercise habits, perception of health, experience of parenthood and level of parental stress.Discussion: The LOOPS project will provide valuable information on how to build effective interventions to influence an unhealthy weight development to prevent the negative long-term effects of childhood obesity.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00916318© 2012 Önnerfält et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Önnerfält, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Obese children aged 4–6 displayed decreased fasting and postprandial ghrelin levels in response to a test meal
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 107:3, s. 523-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Ghrelin is a hunger hormone that plays a role in glucose homoeostasis and its levels increase before a meal and decrease during and after eating. This study compared the fasting ghrelin and insulin levels of obese children aged 4–6 with those of normal weight children and tested postprandial ghrelin levels in the obese children after a standard breakfast. Methods: We recruited 67 children at Lund University Hospital from 2008 to 2011. They comprised 30 obese children from a weight study and 37 normal weight children receiving minor elective surgery. Their mean ages were 4.7 ± 0.6 and 4.3 ± 0.8 years, respectively. The obese children ate a standard breakfast, and postprandial ghrelin was measured after 60 minutes. Results: The obese children had lower ghrelin levels than the controls (p < 0.01). A significant inverse relation was found between body mass index and fasting ghrelin levels. Obese children had significantly lower fasting ghrelin levels after a standard breakfast (p < 0.01), but there were no gender-related differences. Conclusion: Obese children aged 4–6 years had reduced ghrelin and increased insulin levels in the fasting state and postprandial ghrelin was suppressed, suggesting that their energy metabolism was already dysregulated at this young age. Early obesity interventions are essential.
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