| 1. |
- Ejlertsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Anaerobic Degradation of Nonylphenol Mono- and Diethoxylates in Digestor Sludge, Landfilled Municipal Solid Waste, and Landfilled Sludge
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1086-931X .- 1520-6912 .- 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 33:2, s. 301-306
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which anaerobic digestor sludge, landfilled sludge, and landfilled municipal solid waste (MSW) degrade NPEOs under methanogenic conditions. NPEO1 and NPEO2 (NPEO1-2), used in a mixture, were chosen as model compounds. Anaerobic experimental bottles were amended with 100% digestor sludge at three different concentrations of NPEO1-2: 2, 60, and 308 mg L-1. [U-14C]-NPEO1-2 was used to detect any possible decomposition of the aromatic moiety of the NPEO1-2. All inoculates used degraded NPEO1-2 at 2 mg L-1, with nonylphenol (NP) forming the ultimate degradation product. The NP formed was not further degraded, and the incubations with labeled NPEO showed that the aromatic structure remained intact. Both landfill inoculates also transformed NPEO1-2 at 60 mg L-1. CH4 production was temporarily hampered in bottles with MSW landfill inoculum at 60 and 308 mg L-1. With 2 mg L-1 of NPEO, CH4 production closely followed that in the controls. Both NP and NPEO1-2 interacted with the organic matter which resulted in sorption to the solid phase.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Svensson, Bo, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
-
Interdecadal changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes of subarctic mire : Stordalen revisted after 20 years
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Oikos. - : JSTOR. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 85:1, s. 22-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first subarctic wetland CO2 and CH4 flux measurements were made at Stordalen in the beginning of the 1970s in connection with the IBP study. A return to this area in 1994-95 offered a unique opportunity to study possible interdecadal changes in northern wetland CO2 and CH4 emissions. Measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes were carried out in similar habitats as those investigated in 1974. The mire distribution of wet minerotrophic areas relative to the elevated ombrotrophic areas had changed dramatically over the twenty years. There were no significant differences between the CH4-flux in 1974, 1994, and 1995. However, the CO2 fluxes were significantly higher in 1995 than in 1974. Since differences in climatic conditions gave no cause for such a change it suggests a possible increase in decomposition rate to be due to other factors. We suggest changes in vegetation composition, altered mineralization pathways and disintegration of permafrost as causes for the interdecadal increase in decomposition rates.
|
|
| 4. |
- Öquist, Mats, 1967-
(författare)
-
Northern peatland carbon biogeochemistry : the influence of vascular plants and edaphic factors on carbon dioxide and methane exchange
- 2001
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The interest in carbon dynamics and the interactions between ecosystems and the atmosphere has increased during the last decade due to the postulated threat of anthropgenically induced global and climate change. Northern peatlands, with their large stores of organic carbon and long-term net accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide are key ecosystems in these interactions. Furthermore, peatlands transform organic carbon to methane, which also is an important greenhouse gas.The findings reported in this thesis and in the accompanying papers are based on both laboratory and field investigations of carbon transformation dynamics on the process scale and at the resolution of individual peatland plant communities. The data from one of the studies also is extrapolated in an attempt to identify environmental controls on regional scales in order to predict the response of northern pcatlands to climate warming.The laboratory experiments focus on how climate variations, inducing fluctuations in groundwater level and also soil freeze-thaw cycles, influences organic matter mineralisation to carbon dioxide and methane. The field studies investigate year-to-year variations and interdecadal differences in carbon gas exchange at a subarctic peatland, and also how the physiological activities of vascular plants control methane emission rates.The main conclusions presented include:Soil freeze-thaw events may be very important for the annual carbon balance in northern peatlands, because they have the potential to increase mineralisation rates and alter biogeochemical degradation pathways.Vascular plants exert a strong influence on methane flux dynamics during the growing season, both by mediating methane transport and through substrate-based interactions with the soil microbial community. However, there are important species-related factors that govern the nature and extent of this influence.Caution has to be taken when extrapolating field data to estimate regional carbon exchange because the relevance of the specific environmental parameters that control this exchange varies depending on resolution. On broad spatial and temporal scales the best predictor of peatland methane emissions is mean soil temperature, but also microbial substrate availability (expressed as the organic acid concentration in peat water) is of importance. This temperature sensitivity represents a strong potential feedback mechanism on climate change.
|
|
