| 1. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
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| 2. |
- González, A, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac Structure and Function in Epilepsy Patients with Drug-Resistant Convulsive Seizures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Case reports in neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-680X. ; 14:1, s. 88-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High frequency of convulsive seizures and long-lasting epilepsy are associated with an increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Structural changes in the myocardium have been described in SUDEP victims. It is speculated that these changes are secondary to frequent convulsive seizures and may predispose to SUDEP. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of chronic drug-resistant epilepsy on cardiac function and structure in patients with a high frequency of convulsive seizures. We consecutively included 21 patients (17 women, 4 men) aged 18–40 years, with at least 10 years with epilepsy and a minimum of six convulsive seizures in the last year and without a history of status epilepticus or nonepileptic events. A complete clinical examination, resting 12-lead electrocardiogram, 72-h Holter monitoring, and echocardiography were recorded in all patients. Ten patients were assessed by 3-Tesla cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Echocardiography and MRI data were compared with those from age- and sex-matched healthy control individuals. No significant changes in cardiac structure or function were found among patients with chronic drug-resistant epilepsy and high frequency of convulsive seizures. However, we cannot exclude that there are subgroups of patients who are more prone to epilepsy-associated cardiac alterations.
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| 3. |
- Hendriksen, Rene S., et al.
(författare)
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Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, The Author(s). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health, but obtaining representative data on AMR for healthy human populations is difficult. Here, we use metagenomic analysis of untreated sewage to characterize the bacterial resistome from 79 sites in 60 countries. We find systematic differences in abundance and diversity of AMR genes between Europe/North-America/Oceania and Africa/Asia/South-America. Antimicrobial use data and bacterial taxonomy only explains a minor part of the AMR variation that we observe. We find no evidence for cross-selection between antimicrobial classes, or for effect of air travel between sites. However, AMR gene abundance strongly correlates with socio-economic, health and environmental factors, which we use to predict AMR gene abundances in all countries in the world. Our findings suggest that global AMR gene diversity and abundance vary by region, and that improving sanitation and health could potentially limit the global burden of AMR. We propose metagenomic analysis of sewage as an ethically acceptable and economically feasible approach for continuous global surveillance and prediction of AMR.
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| 4. |
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| 7. |
- Nieuwenhuijse, David F., et al.
(författare)
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Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020, The Author(s). The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
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| 8. |
- Norrgren, L., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Monitoring of the Kafue River, Located in the Copperbelt, Zambia
- 2000
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Ingår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-4341 .- 1432-0703. ; 38:3, s. 334-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zambia is a country with an extensive mining industry with the majority of mines located in the Copperbelt province. Through this region of the country, the Kafue River drains and receives effluent water from mining activities as well as from other industrial point sources. In addition, production of agricultural products and pest control requires use of different pesticides in the area. Information on industrial and agricultural pollution has not been clearly identified in Zambia, and little attention has been paid to pollution control and possible impact of metals, pesticides, and other persistent compounds in the environment. The objective of this study was to introduce and to evaluate a few methodologies based on in situ bioassays for environmental assessment to promote sustainable and environmentally sound water resource management of the Kafue River. The results show that caged threespot tilapia exposed downstream of industrial points sources rapidly bioaccumulate several trace elements, i.e., Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni. These elements also occurred in much higher concentrations in water samples downstream of the industrial area compared with a locality upstream. Furthermore, the use of a semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) for passive absorption of lipophilic pollutants in the water showed relatively high concentration of several pesticides, i.e., DDT with major metabolites, PCB, and dieldrin. The present study shows that only 2 weeks of in situ studies in waters contaminated by pollutants affects in situ exposed fish and that the correlation between water and tissue concentrations was relatively good. Both trace elements and persistent organic pollutants occurred in such high concentrations that they must be considered from ecotoxicological aspects and may affect aquatic animal health
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| 9. |
- Persson, Christian, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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New Business Forms in e-Business and Media “e-Media”
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a preliminary study a Nordic network for e-Business has been established between the media industry, vendors, service providers and scientists. This network has performed this project with the scope to develop new new innovative service forms and products for this new business area called ”e-Media”, and to identify the value chains and new business models needed for this area.The study first analyses the strucrural changes in the media and allied industries, i.e. content creation and advertising. Thereafter, a framework for innovations in e-Media is built together with a variety of business models. The framework is then used to identify new innovative service embryos for e-Media. Finally eight new services are exploited in industrial case studies.The outcome of the project is an extensive description of innovation methods, business models, more than sixty innovation embryos for exploitation and eight examples of more or less successfully exploited e-Media pilot cases. The project also elucidates the huge business potential of e-Media.
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| 10. |
- Persson, Christian, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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New Business Forms in e-Business and Media – e-Media
- 2009
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Ingår i: Iarigai 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been the scope of this study to create new service forms and business models for the border area between e-Business and Media (e-Media). The project was carried out by a Nordic consortium consisting of five research organisations and eight companies with financial support from the Nordic Innovation Centre (NICe). The study first analyses the structural changes in the media and allied industries, i.e. content creation and advertising. Thereafter, a framework for innovations in e-Media is built up, together with a variety of business models. The framework is used to identify new, innovative service embryos for the e-Media sector. Finally eight new services are developed in industrial case studies. The project has been carried out by a consortium consisting of five Nordic research organisations, which have relations to e-Business and the media sector, together with eight industrial partners from the media sector, software companies, and service providers. The outcome of the project is an extensive description of innovation methods and business models for Nordic companies working in the media or e-Business sector or offering services over the net. The report also gives eight examples of more or less successfully exploited e-Media pilot cases.
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