| 1. |
- Backström, Ellenor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of Adenovirus Late Region 1 Splicing
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The major late transcription unit (MLTU) produces one pre-mRNA that is processed into more than 20 cytoplasmic mRNAs by alternative polyadenylation and extensive alternative 3' splice site usage. The alternative splicing of the MLTU is temporally regulated, resulting in the expression of only one mRNA, the L1 52,55K, before the onset of viral genome replication. The L1 unit also encodes the IIIa mRNA, the expression of which is highly regulated at the level of splicing. We have previously shown that the adenoviral L4-33K protein enhances IIIa splicing via the IIIa virus infection-dependent splicing enhancer element. In this study we show that serine to glycine mutations in the tiny RS domain of the L4-33K protein retain more activity in vivo compared to results obtained previously in vitro. In addition, it is also clear that these mutations in the RS domain affect the sub-cellular localization of L4-33K. Thus, the RS domain appears to contain a nuclear localisation signal that is dependent on the serine residues. In a previous report we showed that, in extracts prepared from adenovirus-infected cells, splicing is independent of the general splicing factor U2AF. In this study we also demonstrate that none of the tested U2AF-replacement candidate proteins (PUF60, Caper α, and Caper β) collaborate with L4-33K in the activation of IIIa splicing. It has been suggested that regulation of L1 alternative splicing does not require cis-competition between the 52.55K and IIIa 3' splice sites. We find that activity of the IIIa splice site increases considerably in the absence of cis-competition with the 52,55K splice site. Interestingly, this cis-competition is not virus-specific since this observation is reproducible in a transcription unit where the β-globin 3' splice site replaces the natural 52,55K 3' splice site. We conclude that L1 alternative splicing conforms to the general rule in that it ordinarily makes use of the proximal 3' splice site (52,55K), whereas activation of distal 3' splice site usage requires active intervention. In adenovirus this intervention is achieved by production of the L4-33K protein.
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| 2. |
- Bostedt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Benefit Transfer for Environmental Improvements in Coastal Areas: General vs. Specific Models
- 2011
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Ingår i: CERE Working Paper.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study, we used choice experiment data to analyze the accuracy of benefit transfer (BT) between two case study areas in Sweden for attributes relevant to the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive and special consideration zones in marine areas. The accuracy and reliability of a BT based on a model including only easily available socioeconomic information is similar to the accuracy of a BT based on a model that gives the best statistical fit, but requires time-consuming data collection. Further, the former model has almost as good a fit as the latter. The BT error varies significantly across the attributes, regardless of which model is used. The results are inconclusive as to whether socioeconomic adjustments improve transfer or not
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| 3. |
- Edmark, Lennart, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen concentration and characteristics of progressive atelectasis formation during anaesthesia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 55:1, s. 75-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atelectasis is a common consequence of pre-oxygenation with 100% oxygen during induction of anaesthesia. Lowering the oxygen level during pre-oxygenation reduces atelectasis. Whether this effect is maintained during anaesthesia is unknown.Methods: During and after pre-oxygenation and induction of anaesthesia with 60%, 80% or 100% oxygen concentration, followed by anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation with 40% oxygen in nitrogen and positive end-expiratory pressure of 3 cmH2O, we used repeated computed tomography (CT) to investigate the early (0–14 min) vs. the later time course (14–45 min) of atelectasis formation.Results: In the early time course, atelectasis was studied awake, 4, 7 and 14 min after start of pre-oxygenation with 60%, 80% or 100% oxygen concentration. The differences in the area of atelectasis formation between awake and 7 min and between 7 and 14 min were significant, irrespective of oxygen concentration (P<0.05). During the late time course, studied after pre-oxygenation with 80% oxygen, the differences in the area of atelectasis formation between awake and 14 min, between 14 and 21 min, between 21 and 28 min and finally between 21 and 45 min were all significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Formation of atelectasis after pre-oxygenation and induction of anaesthesia is oxygen and time dependent. The benefit of using 80% oxygen during induction of anaesthesia in order to reduce atelectasis diminished gradually with time.
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| 4. |
- Edmark, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Preserved oxygenation in obese patients receiving protective ventilation during laparoscopic surgery : a randomized controlled study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 60:1, s. 26-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Venous admixture from atelectasis and airway closure impedes oxygenation during general anaesthesia. We tested the hypothesis that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during pre-oxygenation and reduced fraction of inspiratory oxygen (FIO2 ) during emergence from anaesthesia can improve oxygenation in patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic surgery.METHODS: In the intervention group (n = 20, median BMI 41.9), a CPAP of 10 cmH2 O was used during pre-oxygenation and induction of anaesthesia, but no CPAP was used in the control group (n = 20, median BMI 38.1). During anaesthesia, all patients were ventilated in volume-controlled mode with an FIO2 of 0.4 and a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 10 cmH2 O. During emergence, before extubation, the control group was given an FIO2 of 1.0 and the intervention group was divided into two subgroups, which were given an FIO2 of 1.0 or 0.31. Oxygenation was assessed perioperatively by the estimated venous admixture (EVA).RESULTS: The median EVA before pre-oxygenation was about 8% in both groups. During anaesthesia after intubation, the median EVA was 8.2% in the intervention vs. 13.2% in the control group (P = 0.048). After CO2 pneumoperitoneum, the median EVA was 8.4% in the intervention vs. 9.9% in the control group (P > 0.05). One hour post-operatively, oxygenation had deteriorated in patients given an FIO2 of 1.0 during emergence but not in patients given an FIO2 of 0.31.CONCLUSIONS: A CPAP of 10 cmH2 O during pre-oxygenation and induction, followed by PEEP after intubation, seemed to preserve oxygenation during anaesthesia. Post-operative oxygenation depended on the FIO2 used during emergence.
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| 5. |
- Ekerstad, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Are frail elderly patients treated in a CGA unit more satisfied with their hospital care than those treated in conventional acute medical care?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Patient Preference and Adherence. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1177-889X. ; 12, s. 233-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Our aim was to study whether the acute care of frail elderly patients directly admitted to a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) unit is superior to the care in a conventional acute medical care unit in terms of patient satisfaction. Design: TREEE (Is the TReatment of frail Elderly patients Effective in an Elderly care unit?) is a clinical, prospective, controlled, one-center intervention trial comparing acute treatment in CGA units and in conventional wards. Setting: This study was conducted in the NAL-Uddevalla county hospital in western Sweden. Participants: In this follow-up to the TREEE study, 229 frail patients, aged amp;gt;= 75 years, in need of acute in-hospital treatment, were eligible. Of these patients, 139 patients were included in the analysis, 72 allocated to the CGA unit group and 67 to the conventional care group. Mean age was 85 years and 65% were female. Intervention: Direct admittance to an acute elderly care unit with structured, systematic interdisciplinary CGA-based care, compared to conventional acute medical care via the emergency room. Measurements: The primary outcome was the satisfaction reported by the patients shortly after discharge from hospital. A four-item confidential questionnaire was used. Responses were given on a 4-graded scale. Results: The response rate was 61%. In unadjusted analyses, significantly more patients in the intervention group responded positively to the following three questions about the hospitalization: "Did you get the nursing from the ward staff that you needed?" (p=0.003), "Are you satisfied with the information you received on your diseases and medication?" (p=0.016), and "Are you satisfied with the planning before discharge from the hospital?" (p=0.032). After adjusted analyses by multiple regression, a significant difference in favor of the intervention remained for the first question (p=0.027). Conclusion: Acute care in a CGA unit with direct admission was associated with higher levels of patient satisfaction compared with conventional acute care via the emergency room.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fägerstam, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Similar inhibition of platelet adhesion, P-selectin expression and plasma coagulation by ioversol, iodixanol and ioxaglate
- 2010
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Ingår i: The British Journal of Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0007-1285 .- 1748-880X. ; 83:989, s. 401-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contrast media (CM) are reported to possess both pro-thrombotic and anticoagulant properties. The mechanisms are not clearly understood and early reports are contradictory. To study the effects of CM on haemostasis, we analysed the ex vivo effects of ioversol and iodixanol on platelet adhesion and P-selectin expression, and the in vitro effects of ioversol, iodixanol and ioxaglate on platelet adhesion, P-selectin expression and plasma coagulation. A novel enzymatic assay was used to measure platelet adhesion to protein surfaces and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure platelet P-selectin surface expression. Pro-thrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were used to measure plasma coagulation. The ex vivo study consisted of blood from 27 outpatients administered ioversol and 9 patients administered iodixanol intravenously. Samples were collected before and 5 min after CM administration. Healthy donors were used for the in vitro studies on the effects of CM. The ex vivo study showed significantly (p<0.05) decreased platelet adhesion and P-selectin expression after administration of ioversol and iodixanol. Adhesion was more affected than P-selectin expression. The in vitro study showed that ioversol, iodixanol and ioaxaglate significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently (beginning at 3 mg ml(-1)) decreased platelet adhesion and P-selectin expression. APTT and PT were significantly (p<0.01) prolonged at concentrations of 10 mg ml(-1) and 30 mg ml(-1), respectively. In conclusion, ioversol, iodixanol and ioxaglate inhibit platelet adhesion and P-selectin expression, as well as plasma coagulation. Platelets are more sensitive in relation to the inhibiting effect on plasma coagulation.
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| 8. |
- Hedenstierna, Göran, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Higher age and obesity limit atelectasis formation during anaesthesia : an analysis of computed tomography data in 243 subjects
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 124:3, s. 336-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: General anaesthesia is increasingly common in elderly and obese patients. Greater age and body mass index (BMI) worsen gas exchange. We assessed whether this is related to increasing atelectasis during general anaesthesia.Methods: This primary analysis included pooled data from previously published studies of 243 subjects aged 18-78 yr, with BMI of 18-52 kg m(-2). The subjects had no clinical signs of cardiopulmonary disease, and they underwent computed tomography (CT) awake and during anaesthesia before surgery after preoxygenation with an inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) of >0.8, followed by mechanical ventilation with FIO2 of 0.3 or higher with no PEEP. Atelectasis was assessed by CT.Results: Atelectasis area of up to 39 cm(2) in a transverse scan near the diaphragm was seen in 90% of the subjects during anaesthesia. The log of atelectasis area was related to a quadratic function of (age+age(2)) with the most atelectasis at similar to 50 yr (r(2)=0.08; P<0.001). Log atelectasis area was also related to a broken-line function of the BMI with the knee at 30 kg m(-2) (r(2)=0.06; P<0.001). Greater atelectasis was seen in the subjects receiving FIO2 of 1.0 than FIO2 of 0.3-0.5 (12.8 vs 8.1 cm(2); P<0.001). A multiple regression analysis, including a quadratic function of age, a broken-line function of the BMI, and dichotomised FIO2 (0.3-0.5/1.0) adjusting for ventilatory frequency, strengthened the association (r(2)= 0.23; P<0.001). PaO2 decreased with both age and BMI.Conclusions: Atelectasis during general anaesthesia increased with age up to 50 yr and decreased beyond that. Atelectasis increased with BMI in normal and overweight patients, but showed no further increase in obese subjects (BMI >= 30 kg m(-2)). Therefore, greater age and obesity appear to limit atelectasis formation during general anaesthesia.
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| 9. |
- Håkansson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy in Swedish Coastal Environments : A Walk along different Socio-economic Dimensions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2160-6544 .- 2160-6552. ; 5:1, s. 49-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies distributional effects of environmental policies in Swedish coastal environments, in monetary and environmental quality terms, for different dimensions: income, gender, age, non-users vs. users, distance, familiarity, and origin (if people have a Swedish background or not). The study area is widely used for different recreational activities and has a mix of different visitors. The data come from a choice experiment study. The results indicate that latent class modelling can be used to identify how monetary preferences vary between different groups of respondents, and largely confirm the limited existing knowledge from the previous research on distributional effects of environmental policies. However, the previous literature on distributional effects related to background is very limited, making it hard to draw comparisons. The results in our paper also show that the distributional effects differ depending on the environmental amenity. These results are of policy relevance since coastal environments are important for people's well-being and associated with positive health effects.
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| 10. |
- Håkansson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating distributional effects of environmental policy in Swedish coastal environments : A walk along different socio-economic dimensions
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies distributional effects of environmental policies in Swedish coastal environments, in monetary and environmental quality terms, for different socio-economic groups. The study area is widely used for different recreational activities and has a mix of different visitors. Data comes from a choice experiment study. Some results confirm limited existing knowledge from previous research, although the ethnical dimension to a certain extent contradicts conventional perceptions. Based on previous research from other countries, the hypothesis would be that native Swedes would benefit more from environmental improvements than respondents with a non-Swedish background. Interestingly results differ, depending on the environmental amenity. For example, respondents with a non-Swedish origin benefit more, both in monetary and environmental quality terms, from reduced noise and littering compared to respondents with a Swedish origin. Also, independent of ethnical background, people use the area in a similar manner.
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