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- Rebouillat, P, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental determinants of body mass index trajectories: results from a longitudinal Swedish study
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - 1101-1262. ; 33:Suppl 2, s. 324-324
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exposure to natural environments is thought to benefit mental and physical health. A better understanding of the interplay between the individual and the environment in relation to public health is imperative in light of the joint biodiversity, climate, and health crises. This study aimed to 1) identify Body Mass Index (BMI) trajectories in the Scania Public Health Cohort (SPHC), 2) characterise trajectories in terms of sociodemographics, lifestyle, health and living environments and 3) study the associations between BMI trajectories and green qualities of the environment. The SPHC was established in southern Sweden (Scania) in 2000. Participants (n = 13581 at baseline, 18-80 years old) responded to 4 surveys (2000-2016) including questions on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health. Residential coordinates were linked to the Scania Outdoor Environment Database (ScOut) comprising perceived sensory dimensions. “Diverse”, “serene” and “natural” dimensions were summed up to obtain the Scania Green Score. Sex-specific BMI trajectories, identified using group-based trajectory modeling, were compared using multinomial regression, adjusted for main confounders. Five trajectories were identified with similar shapes in men and women. Stable-normal (1) and stable-overweight (2) trajectories exhibited slow linear BMI increase. Fluctuating-overweight (3) and fluctuating-obesity (4) trajectories showed BMI increase followed by decrease, starting from overweight or obesity. The increasing-obesity (5) trajectory showed a persistent increase towards obesity. Trajectories were associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. The highest proportions of university education and lowest proportions of sedentary lifestyle were found in the stable trajectories (1-2). Economic strain was highest in (5). Preliminary analyses showed no clear associations between Scania Green Score at baseline and trajectory membership. BMI trajectories were associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.
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- Agardh, A., et al.
(författare)
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Sexual harassment among employees and students at a large Swedish university : who are exposed, to what, by whom and where – a cross-sectional prevalence study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sexual harassment (SH) in the workplace is prevalent and associated with poor health. Universities are large workplaces with complex formal and informal power relations, which may influence the prevalence of SH. Although employees and students share the university context, few studies on SH have included both groups. The overall aim of the study was to investigate SH among employees and students at a large Swedish public university regarding types of harassment, prevalence in different groups, characteristics of the perpetrators, and the circumstances in which it occurs. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed, based on a web-based survey with 120 items that was sent out to all staff, including PhD students (N = 8,238) and students (N = 30,244) in November 2019. The response rate was 33% for staff and 32% for students. Exposure to SH was defined as having experienced at least one of ten defined SH behaviors during their work or studies. Results: Among women, 24.5% of staff and 26.8% of students reported having been exposed to SH. The corresponding figures were 7.0% and 11.3% for male staff and students and 33.3% and 29.4% for non-binary individuals among staff and students. Unwelcome comments, suggestive looks or gestures, and ‘inadvertent’ brushing or touching were the three most common forms of reported harassment, both among staff and students. Attempted or completed rape had been experienced by 2.1% of female and 0.6% of male students. Male and female perpetrators were reported by about 80% and 15%, respectively, of exposed participants. Among staff most reported events occurred during the everyday operation of the university, while among students the majority of the events took place during social events linked to student life. When exposed to a perpetrator from the same group (staff or students), women reported more often being in a subordinate power position in relation to the perpetrator. Conclusions: The results indicate that sexual harassment is common in the university context, and interventions and case management routines of events should consider power relations between victim and perpetrator, as well as the various contexts within which sexual harassment takes place.
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- Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Inlåsning, anställningsbarhet och välbefinnande efter en omorganisation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Stockholm : Arbetsmarknadsstyrelsen. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 19:4, s. 101-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under perioder där arbetsmarknaden erbjuder färre alternativ är det troligt att fler människor accepterar arbetsplatser där de inte trivs eller stannar kvar på arbeten som de inte vill ha och känner sig inlåsta i. Tidigare forskning har kopplat inlåsning till sämre välbefinnande. Hur inlåsning och välbefinnande förändras när människor byter jobb är mindre känt. Föreliggande studie belyser förändringar i inlåsning, upplevd anställningsbarhet och välbefinnande vid en svensk myndighet efter en organisationsförändring som medfört organisationsinterna arbetsplatsbyten. Resultaten visar på negativa effekter av inlåsning: att stanna kvar på eller flytta till en arbetsplats som man inte önskar ha i framtiden är inte gynnsamt för hälsan.
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| 7. |
- Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Stuck at a workplace : What’s work control, demands and learning got to do with it? A longitudinal multilevel study on Swedish permanent employees in situations of ‘workplace locked-in’
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Resource Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0958-5192 .- 1466-4399. ; 31:14, s. 1771-1792
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whilst health consequences of being locked-in at the workplace have been documented in several research studies, it is largely unknown how work characteristics and their changes over time relate to risks for becoming locked-in at a certain workplace. Accordingly, this paper studied how perceived control, learning opportunities and quantitative demands at work associate with workplace-locked-in (WPLI). The study included permanent employees who participated in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) study in wave 3 through 5 (n = 2918 individuals; n = 7460 observations). Results from multi-level analysis show that there was significant individual variation in WPLI changes over time, even though on average, WPLI decreased slightly. Differences in work characteristics between individuals (L2) and across time (L1) associated significantly with WPLI: higher levels of job control and learning opportunities related to lower odds ratios for WPLI, whereas higher quantitative job demands associated with higher odds ratios of WPLI. Moreover, differences in quantitative job demands, number of job changes and educational achievements explained the individual variations of WPLI developments over time. The result shows that WPLI can – to some extent – be prevented or reduced through good work design, and implications for HR managers and organizations are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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The role of social embeddedness for remaining in non-desired workplaces and mental health consequences : Results from Scania Public Health Cohort
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:3, s. 334-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of social embeddedness on and off the job in relation to remaining in non-desired workplaces (NDWs) and the development of mental health. Method: The study used questionnaire data from the Scania Public Health cohort (N=2410) that were collected in 2000 (T1), 2005 (T2) and 2010 (T3). Logistic regression models were calculated to probe how NDWs and social embeddedness factors measured at baseline (T1) related to NDWs five years later (T2), and to investigate how NDWs and social embeddedness factors at T2 related to poor mental health at T3. Synergy indices were calculated in both analyses to test for additive v. interactive effects between NDWs and social embeddedness factors on the outcomes. Results: NDWs at baseline and low social embeddedness on and off the job was associated with NDWs at T2. For those in a desired workplace, low support from co-workers as well as low workplace affinity increased the risk to be in an NDW at T2. NDWs and low social embeddedness also associated with impaired mental health (T3). For those in an NDW, low support from co-workers as well as low workplace affinity increased the risk of poor mental health at T3. Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of social embeddedness for NDWs and the development of poor mental health over time. Particularly low social support from co-workers and low workplace affinity seem to be risk factors for future experience of an NDW and impaired mental health.
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- de Smet, P., et al.
(författare)
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Gender and regional differences in perceived job stress across Europe
- 2005
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Ingår i: Eur J Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 15:5, s. 536-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Over the last 20 years stress at work has been found to be predictive of several conditions such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure and non-specific sick leave. The Karasek demand/control/strain concept has been the most widely used in prospective epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVES: To describe distribution in Karasek's demand/control (DC) dimensions as well as prevalence of strain in samples from different parts of Europe grouped into three regions (South, Middle, Sweden), adjusting for occupation. To describe gender differences in Karasek's DC dimensions along with strain prevalence and assess the regional stability of those differences in different occupational groups. DESIGN: The Job stress, Absenteeism and Coronary heart disease in Europe (JACE) study, a Concerted Action (Biomed I) of the European Union, is a multicentre prospective cohort epidemiological study: 38,019 subjects at work aged 35-59 years were surveyed at baseline. Standardised techniques were used for occupation coding (International Standardised Classification of Occupations) and for the DC model (Karasek scale): five items for the psychological demand and nine items for the control or decision latitude dimensions, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 34,972 subjects had a complete data set. There were important regional differences in the Karasek scales and in prevalence of strain even after adjustment for occupational class. Mean demand and control were higher in the Swedish centres when compared to two centres in Milano and Barcelona (Southern region) and values observed in four centres (Ghent, Brussels, Lille and Hoofddorp) in Middle Europe were closer to those observed in the Southern cities than to those obtained in the Swedish cities. Clerks (ISCO 4) and, more specifically, office clerks (ISCO 41) exhibited the smallest regional variation. In a multivariate model, the factor 'region' explained a small fraction of total variance. In the two Southern centres as well as in the four Middle European centres, men perceived marginally less job-demand as compared to women whereas the reverse was observed in the two Swedish centres. Differences were larger for control: men appeared to perceive more control at work than did women. In a multivariate model, gender explained a small fraction whereas occupational level explained a large fraction of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: In this standardised multicentre European study Karasek's DC model showed large gender and occupational differences whereas geographic region explained a small fraction of the total DC variance, notwithstanding large differences in labour market and working conditions as pointed out by the European Commission as recently as 2000.
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