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- Al-Haddad, Benjamin J S, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term Risk of Neuropsychiatric Disease After Exposure to Infection In Utero.
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 76:6, s. 594-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The developmental origins of mental illness are incompletely understood. Although the development of autism and schizophrenia are linked to infections during fetal life, it is unknown whether more common psychiatric conditions such as depression might begin in utero.To estimate the risk of psychopathologic conditions imparted from fetal exposure to any maternal infection while hospitalized during pregnancy.A total of 1791520 Swedish children born between January 1, 1973, and December 31, 2014, were observed for up to 41 years using linked population-based registries. Children were excluded if they were born too late to contribute person-time, died before being at risk for the outcome, or were missing particular model data. Infection and psychiatric diagnoses were derived using codes from hospitalizations. Directed acyclic graphs were developed from a systematic literature review to determine Cox proportional hazards regression models for risk of psychopathologic conditions in the children. Results were evaluated using probabilistic and simple bias analyses. Statistical analysis was conducted from February 10 to October 17, 2018.Hospitalization during pregnancy with any maternal infection, severe maternal infection, and urinary tract infection.Inpatient diagnosis of autism, depression, bipolar disorder, or psychosis among offspring.A total of 1791520 Swedish-born children (48.6% females and 51.4% males) were observed from birth up to age 41 years, with a total of 32125813 person-years. Within the directed acyclic graph framework of assumptions, fetal exposure to any maternal infection increased the risk of an inpatient diagnosis in the child of autism (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.34-2.40) or depression (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.42). Effect estimates for autism and depression were similar following a severe maternal infection (autism: HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.18-2.78; depression: HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.88-1.73) or urinary tract infection (autism: HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.23-2.90; depression: HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.61) and were robust to moderate unknown confounding. Within the directed acyclic graph framework of assumptions, the relationship between infection and depression was vulnerable to bias from loss to follow-up, but separate data from the Swedish Death Registry demonstrated increased risk of suicide among individuals exposed to pregnancy infection. No evidence was found for increased risk of bipolar disorder or psychosis among children exposed to infection in utero.These findings suggest that fetal exposure to a maternal infection while hospitalized increased the risk for autism and depression, but not bipolar or psychosis, during the child's life. These results emphasize the importance of avoiding infections during pregnancy, which may impart subtle fetal brain injuries contributing to development of autism and depression.
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- Andersson-Östling, Henrik C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of phosphorus, sulphur and grain size on creep in pure copper
- 2009
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Technology. - 0267-0836 .- 1743-2847.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uniaxial creep tests have been performed at 175 °C to study the influence of phosphorus, sulphur and grain size on the creep properties of oxygen free copper. Copper with no phosphorous content and copper with 2000 μm grain size showed lower creep strength and ductility than the reference material which contained 58 ppm phosphorous and had 350 μm average grain size. Phosphorous content of 29 and 106 ppm showed no difference in relation to the reference material, and neither did grain sizes of 100 and 800 μm average grain size. 6 or 12 ppm sulphur did not affect the creep properties at all. The main creep rupture mechanisms were found to be cavitation and microcracking at the grain boundaries. The observed influence of P on creep is consistent to previously published models both with respect to creep rate and creep ductility.
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| 6. |
- Andersson-Östling, Henrik C.M. 1966-
(författare)
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Mechanical Properties of Welds at Creep Activation Temperatures
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Welds in materials intended for service at temperatures above the creep activation temperature often develop damage before the base metal. The weld is a discontinuity in the material and stresses and strains often accumulate in the weld. Knowledge of the properties of the weld is essential to the safe operation of the component containing the weld. The work in this thesis has been aimed at the study of welds in service at high temperatures: The work is divided into two main chapters. The first chapter deals with welds in stainlesssteels and dissimilar metal welds and includes three papers, and the second chapter dealswith welds in copper intended for nuclear waste disposal, also including three papers. Common to both parts is that the temperature is high enough for most of the damage in the welds to result from creep. In the first part the role of the weld microstructure on the creep crack propagation properties has been studied. Experiments using compact tension specimens have been performed on service exposed, low alloyed heat resistant steels. The results show good correlation with the crack tip parameter, C*, during steady state creep crack growth. The test methodology has also been reviewed and sensitive test parameters have been identified. The results from the creep crack propagation tests on service exposed material has been modeled using uniaxial creep data on both new and ex-service material. The development of the weld microstructure in a dissimilar metal weld between two heat resistant steels has also been investigated. A weld was made between one ferritic and one martensitic steel and the development of the microstructure during welding and post-weldheat treatments has been studied. The results show that the carbon depleted zone that develops near the weld metal in the lower alloyed steel depends on the formation and dissolution of the M23C6-carbide. Variations of the weld parameters and the post-weld heat treatment affect the size and shape of this zone. The process has been successfully modeled by computer simulation. The second part focuses on oxygen free copper intended for nuclear waste disposal containers. The containers are made with an inner core of cast nodular iron and an outer core of copper for corrosion protection. The copper shell has to be welded and two weld methods has been tested, electron beam welding and friction stir welding. Creep specimens taken from both weld types have been tested as have base metal specimens. The technical specifications of the waste canisters demand that the creep ductility of both the copper shell and the welds has to be as high as possible. The creep test results show that base material doped with at least 30 ppm phosphorus has high creep ductility, and friction stir welds made from this material has almost as high creep strength and creep ductility. Copper without phosphorus does not exhibit the same ductility. The creep properties evaluated from testing has been modeled and extrapolated for the intended purpose
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| 7. |
- Andersson-Östling, Henrik C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Testing and modelling of creep in copper friction stir welds
- 2009
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Technology. - 0267-0836 .- 1743-2847.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Specimens cut from friction stir welds in copper canisters for nuclear waste have been used for creep experiments at 75°C. The specimens were taken from a cross-weld position as well as heat affected zone and weld metal. The weld specimens exhibited shorter creep lives than the parent metal specimens by a factor of three in time. The cross weld and HAZ specimens were shorter by an order of magnitude when compared to the weld metal. The creep exponent was in the interval 50 to 69 implying that the material was well inside the power-law breakdown regime. The ductility properties expressed as reduction in area were not significantly different in the weld zones and all the rupture specimens demonstrated valu esexceeding 80%. The stationary creep rate for the parent metal was consistent with a previously developed model. The primary creep was successfully modelled. Weld reduction factors have been obtained by comparing the results from base metal tests and weld tests. Measured values at 75 °C for are about 6% for friction stir welds and 14% for electron beam welds.
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| 8. |
- Arnoldussen, Ilse A. C., et al.
(författare)
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A 10-Year Follow-Up of Adiposity and Dementia in Swedish Adults Aged 70 Years and Older
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 63:4, s. 1325-1335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adiposity measured in mid-or late-life and estimated using anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or metabolic markers such as blood leptin and adiponectin levels, is associated with late-onset dementia risk. However, during later life, this association may reverse and aging- and dementia-related processes may differentially affect adiposity measures.Objective: We explored associations of concurrent BMI, WHR, and blood leptin and high molecular weight adiponectin levels with dementia occurrence.Methods: 924 Swedish community-dwelling elderly without dementia, aged 70 years and older, systematically-sampled by birth day and birth year population-based in the Gothenburg city region of Sweden. The Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies are designed for evaluating risk and protective factors for dementia. All dementias diagnosed after age 70 for 10 years were identified. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict dementia occurrence between 2000-2005, 2005-2010, and 2000-2010 after excluding prevalent baseline (year 2000) dementias. Baseline levels of BMI, WHR, leptin, and adiponectin were used.Results: Within 5 years of baseline, low BMI (<20 kg/m(2)) was associated with higher odds of dementia compared to those in the healthy BMI category (>= 20-24.9 kg/m(2)). Compared to the lowest quartile, leptin levels in the second quartile were associated with lower odds of dementia in women (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In late-life, anthropometric and metabolic adiposity measures appear to be differentially associated with dementia risk. While BMI and leptin levels are highly positively correlated, our results show that their association with dementia at age >= 70 years, is asynchronous. These data suggest that with aging, the complexity of the adiposity exposure may increase and suggests metabolic dysregulation. Additional studies are needed to better understand this complexity.
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| 9. |
- Arnoldussen, I. A. C., et al.
(författare)
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A 10-Year Follow-Up of Adiposity and Dementia in Swedish Adults Aged 70 Years and Older
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimers Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 63:4, s. 1325-1335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adiposity measured in mid-or late-life and estimated using anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or metabolic markers such as blood leptin and adiponectin levels, is associated with late-onset dementia risk. However, during later life, this association may reverse and aging- and dementia-related processes may differentially affect adiposity measures. Objective: We explored associations of concurrent BMI, WHR, and blood leptin and high molecular weight adiponectin levels with dementia occurrence. Methods: 924 Swedish community-dwelling elderly without dementia, aged 70 years and older, systematically-sampled by birth day and birth year population-based in the Gothenburg city region of Sweden. The Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies are designed for evaluating risk and protective factors for dementia. All dementias diagnosed after age 70 for 10 years were identified. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict dementia occurrence between 2000-2005, 2005-2010, and 2000-2010 after excluding prevalent baseline (year 2000) dementias. Baseline levels of BMI, WHR, leptin, and adiponectin were used. Results: Within 5 years of baseline, low BMI (<20 kg/m(2)) was associated with higher odds of dementia compared to those in the healthy BMI category (>= 20-24.9 kg/m(2)). Compared to the lowest quartile, leptin levels in the second quartile were associated with lower odds of dementia in women (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In late-life, anthropometric and metabolic adiposity measures appear to be differentially associated with dementia risk. While BMI and leptin levels are highly positively correlated, our results show that their association with dementia at age >= 70 years, is asynchronous. These data suggest that with aging, the complexity of the adiposity exposure may increase and suggests metabolic dysregulation. Additional studies are needed to better understand this complexity.
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| 10. |
- Bjerke, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 3 is Related to Dementia Development in a Population-Based Sample of Older Adult Women Followed for 8 Years.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 49:3, s. 733-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increased fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP-3) levels have been reported in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) FABP-3 has therefore been proposed as a putative marker for dementia. Population-based studies examining whether CSF FABP-3 predicts later development of dementia are lacking. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine CSF levels of FABP-3 in relation to later development of dementia in elderly women and in relation to Aβ42, T-tau, P-tau181, and CSF: serum albumin ratio. METHODS: 86 non-demented women aged 70-84 years who participated in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden took part in a lumbar puncture in 1992-93. CSF-FABP-3, Aβ42, T-tau, P-tau181, and the CSF: serum albumin ratio were measured at baseline. Participants were examined with a neuropsychiatric exam at baseline and at follow-up in 2000. Dementia was diagnosed in accordance with DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2000, 8 women developed dementia (4 AD, 3 vascular dementia, 1 mixed vascular dementia and AD). Higher levels of CSF-FABP-3 at baseline were related to development of dementia (OR 1.36 CI [1.05-1.76] p=0.022) and the subtype AD (OR 1.38 CI [1.06-1.82), p=0.019) during follow-up. FABP-3 correlated with CSF T-tau (r=0.88, p< 0.001), P-tau181 (r=0.619, p< 0.001), and CSF:serum albumin ratio (r=0.233, p=0.031), but not with Aβ42 (r=-0.08, p=0.444)Conclusion: CSF FABP-3 may be an early marker for later development of dementia, probably related to neuronal degeneration, but independent of Aβ metabolism.
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