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| 2. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Forestry meets Steel. A system study of the possibility to produce DRI (directly Reduced Iron) using gasified biomass.
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECOS 2015 - 28th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. - : International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. - 9782955553909
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main production of primy Iron from ore is now made by reduction using fossil reductants, either by producing hot metal in the blast furnace process or as directly reduced iron with natural gas as most common reductant. The climate gas impact would be improved if at least pt of the reductants could be produced from Biomass. One possibility could be to use gasified Biomass to produce DRI (Directly Reduced Iron). This is studied in a cooperative project where LTU, MEFOS, ETC and five industries in the eas forestry & pulp, mining, iron and gas e involved. The investigation is made in four pts where the first one is on the supply of biomass. A lge amount of Biomass has to be delivered into a single site to exchange a lge amount of fossil reductant. Also, forestry by-products should be used as most of the round wood is reserved for other uses. Hvesting, logistics and economics e considered. The second pt is on the gasification of the biomass, where the aim is to use to produce hot gas that can be used directly. Pilot experiments e cried out using oxygen in an entrained flow gasifier. The third pt is on the metallurgical processes, where reduction tests e cried out with gas that can be produced in the gasifier. The limitations of the gas content e studied as well as the effect on DRI. Also the suitability of the DRI product is evaluated. The fourth pt of the project uses process integration to model the whole process chain. The results from the other project pts e used to build the system model. It is then used for technical economic optimization the whole system hvesting- Transport-gasifier-direct reduction-use of DRI. The first use of the system model has been to find the best supply road (hvesting, pretreatment and transport) for a chosen production case The simulations indicated that the supply of residuals is possible but will need material from a lge pt of the north Sweden wood ea, and that a relatively lge amount of gas recirculation is needed. The continuing work is focused on further development of the optimization tool and the use of it for more extensive studies of the trade-off between pameters of metallurgy, gasification and supply. The result can be important for evaluation of future industrial applications. It could also help in understanding the effect of governmental control instruments. The paper will mainly focus on the process integration study.
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| 3. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Forestry meets Steel. A Technoeconomic study of the possible DRI production using biomass
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility to produce DRI using gasified Biomass is studied in a cooperative project. LTU, MEFOS, ETC and five industries in the areas forestry & pulp, mining, iron and gas are involved. The production chain Biomass production and distribution -Gasification-DRI production-DRI use is investigated in four work packages:WP1: Biomass supply: A large amount of Biomass has to be delivered into a single site to exchange a large amount of fossil reductant. It is important to use forestry by- products as a major part of round wood is reserved for other uses. Harvesting, logistics and economics have to be considered. Available data were collected and used to make a system model on harvesting treatment and transport. The simulations indicated that the supply of residuals is possible but will need material from a large part of the north Sweden wood area. WP2: Gasification. The aim is to use to produce hot gas that can be used directly. Pilot experiments are carried out using oxygen in an entrained flow gasifier. WP3: Metallurgical processes. Reduction tests are carried out with gas that can be produced in the gasifier. The limitations of the gas content are studied as well as the effect on DRI. Also the suitability of the DRI product is evaluated WP4: Process integration. A system model is built using the results from work packages 1-3 and used for technical economic optimization the whole system harvesting-transport-gasifier-direct reduction- use of DRI. The process chain is technically possible; however there are problems to be solved, e.g., gas quality vs. demands from DRI process, Biomass supply and logistics. The result is important to evaluate for industrial application, but also to get information of the effect of different governmental control instruments.
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| 4. |
- Ahlberg, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Reversed interface effects in amorphous FeZr/AlZr multilayers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 90:18, s. 184403-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report an anomalous enhancement of the critical temperature (T-c) when the thickness (d) of the magnetic layer is decreased from 60 to 20 angstrom in amorphous FeZr/AlZr multilayers. Further reduction of the thickness causes a decrease of T-c, as expected by finite-size scaling, while the magnetic moment decreases monotonically for all values of d. The increase of the critical temperature is attributed to a reversed interface effect where local changes in the nearest-neighbor distance and coordination number gives a higher effective magnetic coupling at the interfaces compared to the interior of the layer. We have successfully described the results within a model where such interface effects are combined with finite-size scaling.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Mikael S., et al.
(författare)
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Thermally induced magnetic relaxation in square artificial spin ice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The properties of natural and artificial assemblies of interacting elements, ranging from Quarks to Galaxies, are at the heart of Physics. The collective response and dynamics of such assemblies are dictated by the intrinsic dynamical properties of the building blocks, the nature of their interactions and topological constraints. Here we report on the relaxation dynamics of the magnetization of artificial assemblies of mesoscopic spins. In our model nano-magnetic system - square artificial spin ice - we are able to control the geometrical arrangement and interaction strength between the magnetically interacting building blocks by means of nano-lithography. Using time resolved magnetometry we show that the relaxation process can be described using the Kohlrausch law and that the extracted temperature dependent relaxation times of the assemblies follow the Vogel-Fulcher law. The results provide insight into the relaxation dynamics of mesoscopic nano-magnetic model systems, with adjustable energy and time scales, and demonstrates that these can serve as an ideal playground for the studies of collective dynamics and relaxations.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Elucidating selection processes for antibiotic resistance in sewage treatment plants using metagenomics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 572, s. 697-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sewage treatment plants (STPs) have repeatedly been suggested as “hotspots” for the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A critical question still unanswered is if selection pressures within STPs, caused by residual antibiotics or other co-selective agents, are sufficient to specifically promote resistance. To address this, we employed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of samples from different steps of the treatment process in three Swedish STPs. In parallel, concentrations of selected antibiotics, biocides and metals were analyzed. We found that concentrations of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in the influent were above predicted concentrations for resistance selection, however, there was no consistent enrichment of resistance genes to any particular class of antibiotics in the STPs, neither for biocide and metal resistance genes. The most substantial change of the bacterial communities compared to human feces occurred already in the sewage pipes, manifested by a strong shift from obligate to facultative anaerobes. Through the treatment process, resistance genes against antibiotics, biocides and metals were not reduced to the same extent as fecal bacteria. The OXA-48 gene was consistently enriched in surplus and digested sludge. We find this worrying as OXA-48, still rare in Swedish clinical isolates, provides resistance to carbapenems, one of our most critically important classes of antibiotics. Taken together, metagenomics analyses did not provide clear support for specific antibiotic resistance selection. However, stronger selective forces affecting gross taxonomic composition, and with that resistance gene abundances, limit interpretability. Comprehensive analyses of resistant/non-resistant strains within relevant species are therefore warranted.
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| 8. |
- Berg, Elisabeth Gräslund, et al.
(författare)
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Praktiker som gör skillnad : Om den verb-inriktade metoden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 133:3, s. 335-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the so-called verb-oriented method and its role in the research project Gender and Work in early modern Sweden (GaW), which is based at Uppsala University. It provides a presentation of the GaW-database, which has been designed to allow analysis according to the verb-method. Finally, the article points out that this method can be combined with a number of different theoretical approaches as long as the focus is on practices. It is therefore compatible with the approaches of e.g., Judith Butler, Michel de Certeau, and Amartya Sen. Work is defined as "time-use with the purpose of making a living" and the article discusses why data on time-use, or actual work activities, are better suited for research into early modern Swedish working life than other types of data. It shows that activities are usually described in the sources by verb-phrases, and explains how and from what sources verb-phrases are collected and analyzed within the project. In order to allow for generalizations the verb-method presupposes large amounts of data. This is the rationale for the GaW-database, which at present includes around 5000 verb-phrases and 75000 data posts.
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| 9. |
- Björck, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Cereal grains for nutrition and health benefits: Overview of results from in vitro, animal and human studies in the HEALTHGRAIN project
- 2012
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Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3053 .- 0924-2244. ; 25:2, s. 87-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological studies have linked whole grain intake to the prevention of the metabolic syndrome, obesity and associated chronic diseases such as CVD and T2D. The Nutrition module within the HEALTHGRAIN project, included 10 partners and undertook in vitro, animal and humanin vivo studies with the overall aims of elucidating the components and mechanisms underlying the health benefits of cereal grains. This review summarises the major outcomes of these studies, including yet unpublished findings.
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| 10. |
- Buckland, Philip I., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental archaeological analysis from the archaeological excavations at Ørland kampflybase, Vik 70/1, Ørland, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. 2015-2016
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A total of 322 bulk samples, 267 bulk subsamples and 1632 survey samples from the excavation of Iron Age settlements at Ørland, Vik, Sør-Trondelag, were analysed at the Environmental Archaeology Laboratory (MAL) at Umeå University. The overall aim of these analyses was to look for evidence which could help identify possible prehistoric activity areas, understand building functions and divisions, and shed light on land management around the farmsteads.
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