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- Michalsik, Lars B, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Match Performance and Physiological Capacity of Female Elite Team Handball Players.
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 35:7, s. 595-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study evaluated the physical demands imposed on female elite team handball players in relation to playing position. Female elite team handball field players were examined during match-play over a 5-year period using video based computerized locomotion analysis of tournament matches. In addition, physiological measurements during match-play and in separate physical tests were carried out. A total distance of 4002±551m (group means±SD) was covered per match with a total effective playing time of 50:42±5:50min:s, while full-time players covered 4693±333m. On average, each player (n=83) performed 663.8±99.7 activity changes per match, and the mean speed was 5.31±0.33km·h−1. High-intensity running constituted 0.8±0.5% of total effective playing time per match corresponding to 2.5±1.8% of the total distance covered. The amount of high-intensity running was reduced (p<0.05) 21.9% in the second half (44.9±16.8m) compared to the first (57.5±21.3m). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2-max) was 3.49±0.37l O2·min−1 corresponding to 49.6±4.8ml O2·min−1·kg−1. Mean relative workload during match-play was 79.4±6.4% of VO2-max. Mean total running distance in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (level 1) was 1436±222m, which was greater in wing players (1516±172m, p<0.05) than pivots (1360±118m) and backcourt players (1352±148m). In conclusion, modern female elite team handball is a physically demanding intermittent team sport, where players are exposed to high relative workloads with substantial estimated aerobic energy expenditure interspersed by short periods of dominant anaerobic energy production as reflected by the limited amount of high-intensity running. Indications of fatigue and a resulting decline in physical performance were identified, since the amount of high-intensity running and the relative workload levels decreased in the second half. Positional differences were observed, with wing players covering a greater total distance than backcourt players, performing more high-intensity running and demonstrating a better intermittent recovery capacity (Yo-Yo test outcome) compared to both backcourt players and pivots
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Michalsik, L. B., et al.
(författare)
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Technical activity profile and influence of body anthropometry on playing performance in female elite team handball
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - 1064-8011. ; 29:4, s. 1126-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Michalsik, LB, Aagaard, P, and Madsen, K. Technical activity profile and influence of body anthropometry on playing performance in female elite team handball. J Strength Cond Res 29(4): 1126-1138, 2015-To determine the physical demands placed on female elite team handball (TH) players in relation to playing position and body anthropometry, female elite TH primarily field players were monitored during match-play using video recording and subsequent computerized technical match analysis during 5 regular tournament match seasons. Technical match activities were distributed in 6 major types of playing actions (shots, breakthroughs, fast breaks, technical errors, defensive errors, and tackles) and further divided into various subcategories (e. g., type of shot, hard or light tackles, claspings, screenings, and blockings). Furthermore, anthropometric measurements were performed. Each player had 28.3 +/- 11.0 (group means +/- SD) high-intense playing actions per match with a total effective playing time of 50.70 +/- 5.83 minutes. On average, each player made 2.8 +/- 2.6 fast breaks, gave 7.9 +/- 14.4 screenings, received 14.6 +/- 9.2 tackles in total, and performed 7.7 +/- 3.7 shots while in offense, along with 3.5 +/- 3.8 blockings, 1.9 +/- 2.7 claspings, and 6.2 6 3.8 hard tackles in defense. Mean body height, body mass, and age in the Danish Premier Female Team Handball League were 175.4 +/- 6.1 cm, 69.5 +/- 6.5 kg, and 25.4 +/- 3.7 years, respectively. Wing players were lighter (63.5 +/- 4.8 kg, p < 0.001) and smaller (169.3 +/- 4.9 cm, p < 0.001) than backcourt players (BP) (70.6 +/- 5.3 kg, 177.0 +/- 5.4 cm) and pivots (PV) (72.5 +/- 4.9 kg, 177.7 +/- 4.9 cm). In conclusion, the present match observations revealed that female elite TH players during competitive games intermittently perform a high number of shortterm, high-intense technical playing actions making modern female elite TH a physically demanding team sport. No sign of technical fatigue were observed, since the amount of intense technical playing actions remained unchanged in the second half. Marked positional differences in the physical demands were demonstrated, with wing players performing more fast breaks and less physical confrontations than BP and PV. Body anthropometry differed substantially between different playing positions. Consequently, this should lead to an increase in physical training in modern female elite TH directed at specific positions and individual physical capacity.
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| 5. |
- Aagaard, Per, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Early repolarization in ECG. Definition, prevalence and prognostic significance
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early repolarization defined as antero-lateral ST-segment elevation exists in 1-2 % of the general population and has been considered a benign ECG finding for decades. However, early repolarization, defined as infero-lateral J-waves, has in recent studies been associated with an increased - albeit low - risk of sudden and cardiovascular death. This ECG pattern is present in 3-13% of the general population. However, exercise training can induce all types of early repolarization, and the prevalence in the athletic population rises to 20-90%. There is large variability between sports (higher in endurance athletes) and also throughout the season (higher during times of peak fitness). In athletes, early repolarization, regardless of type, is considered benign. In asymptomatic non-athletes, the absolute risk is too low to use this ECG finding in clinical practice. In individuals with J-wave syndrome, on the other hand, ICD implantation should be strongly considered to prevent sudden cardiac death.
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| 6. |
- Aagaard, Per, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Heart Rate and Its Variability in Response to Running-Associations with Troponin
- 2014
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Ingår i: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131. ; 46:8, s. 1624-1630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the time course of autonomic tone changes after a first-time endurance running race participation and associations with postexertional high-sensitivity troponin (hsTnT) levels in middle-aged males. Methods: Male (n = 42) first-time long-distance running race (Lidingoloppet 30 km) participants >= 45 yr (50.5 +/- 5) were examined. HR and HR variability (HRV) in the time domain (SDANN) was measured continuously from 2 d before to 4 d after the race using a wireless cardiovascular monitor that also recorded arrhythmia episodes. In addition, subjects were assessed pre- and postrace by medical history and physical examination, 12-lead ECG, blood tests including hsTnT, and echocardiography. Results: Compared with corresponding prerace values, nighttime (2: 00-4: 00 a.m.) HR was significantly elevated (63.6 +/- 9.4 vs 53.9 +/- 8.3 bpm, P < 0.001) on the first night postrace, whereas HRV remained reduced for a median of 64 h (interquartile range, 51-102 h). A prolonged HR recovery period (r = 0.48, P = 0.005) and a larger reduction in postrace HRV (r = -0.49, P = 0.003) correlated with higher postrace hsTnT levels. The association between reduced HRV and higher hsTnT remained significant after multivariate analysis (A = -0.48, P = 0.01). No sustained ventricular arrhythmias were recorded, but atrial fibrillation occurred in two subjects. Conclusion: Endurance running race participation caused a prolonged alteration of autonomic tone. More marked and prolonged changes were associated with higher levels of hsTnT, suggesting that the magnitude of troponin increase after strenuous exercise may reflect the magnitude of exercise-induced cardiovascular stress.
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| 7. |
- Aagaard, Per, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Preparticipation Evaluation of Novice, Middle-Age Long-Distance Runners.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medicine and science in sports and exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 45:1, s. 130-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract PURPOSE: To assess the cardiovascular health and risk profile in middle-aged males making an entry to participate for their first time in a long-distance race. METHODS: Male first-time participants ≥45 years in the world's largest cross-country running race, the Lidingöloppet, were evaluated with a medical history and physical exam, European risk-SCORE, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography and blood tests. Further diagnostic work-up was performed when clinically indicated. RESULTS: Of 265 eligible runners, 153 (58%, age 51±5 y) completed the study. While the 10-year fatal cardiovascular event risk was low (SCORE: 1% (IQR: 0 - 1%)), mild abnormalities were common, e.g. elevated blood-pressure (19%), left ventricular hypertrophy (6%), elevated LDL cholesterol (5%). ECG changes compatible with "athlete's heart" were present in 82%, e.g. sinus bradycardia (61%) and/or early repolarization (32%). ECG changes considered training-unrelated were found in 24%, e.g. prolonged QTc: 13%; left axis deviation: 5.3%; left atrial enlargement: 4%). In 14 runners (9%) additional diagnostic work-up was clinically motivated, and 4 (2%) were ultimately discouraged from vigorous exercise due to QTc intervals >500 ms (n=2), symptomatic atrioventricular block (n=1), and a cardiac tumor (n=1). The physician exam and the ECG identified 12 of the 14 subjects requiring further evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular evaluation of middle-aged men, including a physician exam and a 12-lead ECG, appears useful to identify individuals requiring further testing prior to vigorous exercise. The additional yield of routine echocardiography was small.
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| 8. |
- Bojsen-Møller, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Differential displacement of the human soleus and medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses during isometric plantar flexor contractions in vivo.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 97:5, s. 1908-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human triceps surae muscle-tendon complex is a unique structure with three separate muscle compartments that merge via their aponeuroses into the Achilles tendon. The mechanical function and properties of these structures during muscular contraction are not well understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which differential displacement occurs between the aponeuroses of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (Sol) muscles during plantar flexion. Eight subjects (mean +/- SD; age 30 +/- 7 yr, body mass 76.8 +/- 5.5 kg, height 1.83 +/- 0.06 m) performed maximal isometric ramp contractions with the plantar flexor muscles. The experiment was performed in two positions: position 1, in which the knee joint was maximally extended, and position 2, in which the knee joint was maximally flexed (125 degrees ). Plantarflexion moment was assessed with a strain gauge load cell, and the corresponding displacement of the MG and Sol aponeuroses was measured by ultrasonography. Differential shear displacement of the aponeurosis was quantified by subtracting displacement of Sol from that of MG. Maximal plantar flexion moment was 36% greater in position 1 than in position 2 (132 +/- 20 vs. 97 +/- 11 N.m). In position 1, the displacement of the MG aponeurosis at maximal force exceeded that of the Sol (12.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 8.9 +/- 1.5 mm), whereas in position 2 displacement of the Sol was greater than displacement of the MG (9.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 7.9 +/- 1.2 mm). The amount and "direction" of shear between the aponeuroses differed significantly between the two positions across the entire range of contraction, indicating that the Achilles tendon may be exposed to intratendinous shear and stress gradients during human locomotion.
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| 10. |
- Elam Edwén, Cecilia, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Stretch-shortening cycle muscle power in women and men aged 18-81 years: Influence of age and gender
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 24:4, s. 717-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the age-related deterioration in stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) muscle power and concurrent force-velocity properties in women and men across the adult life span. A total of 315 participants (women: n = 188; men: n = 127) aged 18-81 years performed maximal countermovement jumps on an instrumented force plate. Maximal SSC leg extension power expressed per kg body mass (Ppeak) was greater in men than in women across the adult age span (P < 0.001); however, this gender difference was progressively reduced with increasing age, because men showed an similar to 50% faster rate of decline in SSC power than women (P < 0.001). Velocity at peak power (VPpeak) was greater in men than in women (P < 0.001) but declined at a greater rate in men than in women (P = 0.002). Vertical ground reaction force at peak power (FPpeak) was higher in men than in women in younger adults only (P < 0.001) and the age-related decline was steeper in men than in women (P < 0.001). Men demonstrated a steeper rate of decline in Ppeak than women with progressive aging. This novel finding emerged as a result of greater age-related losses in men for both force and velocity. Consequently, maximal SSC power production was observed to converge between genders when approaching old age.
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