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- El-Gamal, Rehab, et al.
(författare)
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FTIR analysis for the evaluation of some triazole fungicides for the treatment of wooden artifacts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry. - : University of Agean. - 1108-9628 .- 2241-8121. ; 18:2, s. 141-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Growth of fungi on wooden artifacts is accompanied as a rule by various physic-chemical processes making wood rigid, brittle and deformed. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate some fungicides for the preservation of wooden artifacts in order to eliminate any deformation caused by microorganisms. This study represents an attempt to use some triazole fungicides with different concentrations (propiconazole and tebuconazole) in order to assess the chemical stability of wood damaged by fungi. Fungal ageing over different periods of time was applied by using three species of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum), which were collected from different historical buildings in Egypt (such as The Mosque of Sabiile and Koutab Suleiman Agha Selehdar dated back to 1837-1839 AD, The Mosque of El Mouayed Sheikh Al-Mahmoudi dated back to 1415 to 1421 AD etc.), and were identified in previous work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the fungicides used. The results revealed that it is unfavorable to use propiconazole in the treatment of wood infested by Aspergillus flavus. However, tebuconazole can be used safely to treat wood infested by this fungus. The results also proved that increasing propiconazole and tebuconazole concentrations was needed to achieve acceptable protection against Aspergillus niger. In case of Penicillium chrysogenum, it is noticed from the results that the increased in propiconazole and tebuconazole concentrations is not recommended for treatment and a low concentration (0.25 %) is sufficient to inhibit the fungal effect.
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| 2. |
- El-Gamal, Rehab, et al.
(författare)
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The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0717-3458. ; 24, s. 70-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMany buildings in Egypt e.g. museums, mosques and churches, do not possess controlled environments for minimizing the risks of damage of wooden artifacts due to the growth of fungi. Fungal damage usually appears as change in wood color, appearance of stains, and sometimes deformation of wooden surfaces. In this study we focused on the effect that some fungi exert on the properties of wooden artifacts and evaluated the effectiveness of different concentrations of chitosan on their protection against damage by mold fungi.ResultsSamples were collected from different monuments and environments, and fungi growing on them were isolated and identified. The isolated Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger strains were used for the infestation of new pitch pine samples. The results revealed that the lightness of samples infected with any of the tested fungi decreased with increasing incubation times. XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of incubated samples treated individually with the different concentrations of chitosan was lower than the crystallinity of infected samples. The crystallinity index measured by the first and the second method decreased after the first and second months but increased after the third and fourth months. This may due to the reducing of amorphous part by enzymes or acids produced by fungi in wooden samples.ConclusionsThe growth of fungi on the treated wood samples decreased with increasing the concentration of chitosan. Hence, it was demonstrated that chitosan prevented fungal growth, and its use could be recommended for the protection of archaeological wooden artifacts.
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