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- Abdel-Rehim, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
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Microextraction approaches for bioanalytical applications : An overview
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological samples are usually complex matrices due to the presence of proteins, salts and a variety of organic compounds with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes. Therefore, sample preparation is often mandatory in order to isolate the analytes from troublesome matrices before instrumental analysis. Because the number of samples in drug development, doping analysis, forensic science, toxicological analysis, and preclinical and clinical assays is steadily increasing, novel high throughput sample preparation approaches are calling for. The key factors in this development are the miniaturization and the automation of the sample preparation approaches so as to cope with most of the twelve principles of green chemistry. In this review, recent trends in sample preparation and novel strategies will be discussed in detail with particular focus on sorptive and liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalysis. The actual applicability of selective sorbents is also considered. Additionally, the role of 3D printing in microextraction for bioanalytical methods will be pinpointed.
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| 2. |
- Hassan, M, et al.
(författare)
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A mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-enzyme model for cyclophosphamide autoinduction in breast cancer patients
- 1999
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Ingår i: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - 0306-5251 .- 1365-2125. ; 48:5, s. 669-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide (CP) and its main metabolite 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OH-CP) in patients with breast cancer undergoing high dose chemotherapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation. An enzyme turn-over model was also developed to study the time course of cyclophosphamide induction. Methods Fourteen patients received a combination of CP (6 g m(-2)), thiotepum (500 mg m(-2)) and carboplatin (800 mg m(-2)) as a 96 h infusion. Plasma concentrations of CP and 4-OH-CP were determined with h.p.l.c. and a pharmacokinetic and enzyme turn-over model applied to data using NONMEM. Results CP plasma concentrations were described by a two-compartment model with a noninducible and an inducible pathway, the latter forming 4-OH-CP. In the final enzyme model, CP affects the amount of enzymes by increasing the enzyme production rate. CP concentrations decreased during the infusion with no subsequent change in 4-OH-CP concentrations. CP inducible and noninducible clearance were estimated to 1.76 1 h(-1) (90% C.I. 0.92-2.58) and 1.14 1 h(-1) (0.31-1.85), respectively. The induction resulted in an approximately doubled CP clearance through the inducible pathway at the end of treatment. The model predicted the enzyme turn-over half-life to be 24 h. Conclusions The presented mechanism-based enzyme induction model where the pharmacokinetics of the inducer and the enzyme pool counterbalance each other successfully described CP autoinduction. It is reasonable to believe that CP affects its own elimination by increasing the enzyme production rate and thereby increasing the amount of enzyme by which CP is eliminated.
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| 4. |
- Moein, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Nanomaterials for microextraction techniques in bioanalysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 43-56
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The analysis of biological samples (bioanalysis) always needs intensive sample cleanup (sample preparation) before it gets injected into the analytical instruments. In bioanalysis, sample preparation has an essential role because of the complexity of the biological matrix. Among popular sample preparation techniques, microextraction techniques received high attention because of needs of low volume of used solvent and sample. The sorbent may has high influence on the method selectivity and recovery. Because of their high surface area, ultra-small size, high physical and chemical stability properties, nanomaterials attained huge attention in sample preparation for analytical and bioanalytical trends. In this chapter, the different types and applications of nanomaterials in microextraction analysis and bioanalysis will be summarized and discussed. In addition, recently published papers on the relevance of nanomaterials as sorbents in microextraction for bioanalysis will be presented and the application of nanomaterials for online analysis procedures will be included.
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| 5. |
- Suzaei, F. M., et al.
(författare)
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Recent molecularly imprinted polymers applications in bioanalysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemické zvesti. - : Springer Nature. - 0366-6352 .- 1336-9075. ; 77:2, s. 619-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) as extraordinary compounds with unique features have presented a wide range of applications and benefits to researchers. In particular when used as a sorbent in sample preparation methods for the analysis of biological samples and complex matrices. Its application in the extraction of medicinal species has attracted much attention and a growing interest. This review focus on articles and research that deals with the application of MIPs in the analysis of components such as biomarkers, drugs, hormones, blockers and inhibitors, especially in biological matrices. The studies based on MIP applications in bioanalysis and the deployment of MIPs in high-throughput settings and optimization of extraction methods are presented. A review of more than 200 articles and research works clearly shows that the superiority of MIP techniques lies in high accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity, speed and cost effectiveness which make them suitable for clinical usage. Furthermore, this review present MIP-based extraction techniques and MIP-biosensors which are categorized on their classes based on common properties of target components. Extraction methods, studied sample matrices, target analytes, analytical techniques and their results for each study are described. Investigations indicate satisfactory results using MIP-based bioanalysis. According to the increasing number of studies on method development over the last decade, the use of MIPs in bioanalysis is growing and will further expand the scope of MIP applications for less studied samples and analytes.
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