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- van Dijk, Laura J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Belowground microorganisms drive aboveground plant–pathogen–insect interactions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Plants interact with a large diversity of microorganisms and insects, both below and above ground. While studies have shown that belowground microorganisms affect the performance of plants and aboveground attackers, we lack insights into how belowground microbial communities may shape interactions between aboveground pathogens and insects. In this study, we investigated the effects of soil biota and aboveground attackers on plant performance, and examined whether soil biota influence interactions between plants and attackers. We conducted a growth-chamber experiment with oak seedlings (Quercus robur) growing with three distinct natural soil microbial communities. Plants were subjected to single or dual attack by powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides) and aphids (Tuberculatus annulatus), either in the presence or absence of prior attack by a free-feeding caterpillar (Phalera bucephala). Plant height was influenced by soil biota, and seedlings with multiple attackers had more but smaller leaves than healthy seedlings. The soil community affected mildew performance, and mediated the impact of co-occurring attackers on aphid performance. Our study highlights that plant performance is affected both by soil biota and aboveground attackers, and that plant–pathogen–insect interactions are shaped by belowground biota. These findings are important for our understanding of species interactions in nature as well as for practical applications such as integrated pest management.
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- van Dijk, Laura J. A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Single, but not dual, attack by a biotrophic pathogen and a sap-sucking insect affects the oak leaf metabolome
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms and insects, both below- and above ground, which might influence plant metabolism. Despite this, we lack knowledge of the impact of natural soil communities and multiple aboveground attackers on the metabolic responses of plants, and whether plant metabolic responses to single attack can predict responses to dual attack. We used untargeted metabolic fingerprinting (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) on leaves of the pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, to assess the metabolic response to different soil microbiomes and aboveground single and dual attack by oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides) and the common oak aphid (Tuberculatus annulatus). Distinct soil microbiomes were not associated with differences in the metabolic profile of oak seedling leaves. Single attacks by aphids or mildew had pronounced but different effects on the oak leaf metabolome, but we detected no difference between the metabolomes of healthy seedlings and seedlings attacked by both aphids and powdery mildew. Our findings show that aboveground attackers can have species-specific and non-additive effects on the leaf metabolome of oak. The lack of a metabolic signature detected by GC-MS upon dual attack might suggest the existence of a potential negative feedback, and highlights the importance of considering the impacts of multiple attackers to gain mechanistic insights into the ecology and evolution of species interactions and the structure of plant-associated communities, as well as for the development of sustainable strategies to control agricultural pests and diseases and plant breeding.
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| 4. |
- van Dijk, Laura J. A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Soil microbiomes drive aboveground plant–pathogen–insect interactions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 2022:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants interact with a large diversity of microbes and insects, both below and above ground. While studies have shown that belowground microbes affect the performance of plants and aboveground organisms, we lack insights into how belowground microbial communities may shape interactions between aboveground pathogens and insects. We investigated how soil microbiomes and aboveground organisms affect plant growth and development, and whether differences in soil microbiomes influence interactions between aboveground organisms. We conducted a growth-chamber experiment with oak seedlings Quercus robur growing in three soils with similar abiotic soil properties but with distinct natural soil microbiomes. Seedlings were subjected to single or dual attack by powdery mildew Erysiphe alphitoides and aphids Tuberculatus annulatus, either in the presence or absence of prior attack by a free-feeding caterpillar Phalera bucephala. Soil microbiomes were associated with differences in seedling height, and seedlings with multiple aboveground organisms had more but smaller leaves than healthy seedlings. The soil microbiome affected the severity of powdery mildew infection, and mediated the impact of co-occurring aboveground organisms on aphid population size. Our study highlights that plant performance is affected by natural soil microbiomes as well as aboveground organisms, and that natural soil microbiomes can affect interactions between pathogens and insects. These findings are important to understand species interactions in natural systems, as well as for practical applications, such as manipulation of soil microbiomes to manage agricultural pests and diseases.
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