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- Stockeld, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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A Swedish study of chemoradiation in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 40, s. 566-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This multicenter study describes the development of a chemoradiation protocol for the treatment of non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Eighty patients were treated with three courses of chemotherapy (cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil) with concomitant radiotherapy (40 Gy) during the last two courses of chemotherapy. Esophagectomy was performed, when feasible. If no operation was performed, patients were planned to receive a target dose of 64 Gy. Toxicity was mainly attributable to hematological impairment and led to two adjustments of the treatment protocol (addition of filgrastim and lowering of the 5-fluorouracil dose). These changes made it possible to administer the planned treatment in a gradually higher proportion of patients (13/23 [57%] before changes of treatment compared with 30/36 [83%] after changes). Treatment-related mortality was 3.75% (3 patients, associated with leucopenic septicemia after chemotherapy). Fifty-four patients were resected. No per- or postoperative mortality was encountered. The complete response (pathological CR) rate in operated patients was 46% (27/59 patients) after chemoradiation. In the whole series the CR rate (including clinical CR for non-resected patients) was 44%. With a minimum follow-up of 37 months, the 3-year survival for the whole group was 31% compared with 57% for the CR patients. Total 5-year survival thus far (July 1999) is 26%.
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| 2. |
- Aberg, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Multialphabet coding with separate alphabet description
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proceedings. Compression and Complexity of SEQUENCES 1997. - 0818681322 ; , s. 56-65
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For lossless universal source coding of memoryless sequences with an a priori unknown alphabet size (multialphabet coding), the alphabet of the sequence must be described as well as the sequence itself. Usually an efficient description of the alphabet can be made only by taking into account some additional information. We show that these descriptions can be separated in such a way that the encoding of the actual sequence can be performed independently of the alphabet description, and present sequential coding methods for such sequences. Such methods have applications in coding methods where the alphabet description is made available sequentially, such as PPM.
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| 6. |
- Samec, Joseph S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic study of hydrogen transfer to imines from a hydroxycyclopentadienyl ruthenium hydride. Experimental support for a mechanism involving coordination of imine to ruthenium prior to hydrogen transfer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - Washington, DC : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 128:44, s. 14293-14305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaction of [2,3,4,5-Ph-4(eta(5)-C4COH) Ru(CO)(2)H] (2) with different imines afforded ruthenium amine complexes at low temperatures. At higher temperatures in the presence of 2, the complexes decomposed to give [Ru-2(CO)(4)(mu-H)(C4Ph4COHOCC4Ph4)] (1) and free amine. Electron-rich imines gave ruthenium amine complexes with 2 at a lower temperature than did electron-deficient imines. The negligible deuterium isotope effect (k(RuHOH)/k(RuDOD) = 1.05) observed in the reaction of 2 with N-phenyl[1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethylidene]amine (12) shows that neither hydride (RuH) nor proton (OH) is transferred to the imine in the rate-determining step. In the dehydrogenation of N-phenyl-1-phenylethylamine (4) to the corresponding imine 8 by [2,3,4,5-Ph-4(eta(4)-C4CO) Ru(CO)(2)] (A), the kinetic isotope effects observed support a stepwise hydrogen transfer where the isotope effect for C-H cleavage (k(CHNH)/k(CDNH) = 3.24) is equal to the combined (C-H, N-H) isotope effect (k(CHNH)/k(CDND) = 3.26). Hydrogenation of N-methyl(1-phenylethylidene) amine (14) by 2 in the presence of the external amine trap N-methyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethylamine (16) afforded 90-100% of complex [2,3,4,5-Ph-4(eta(4)-C4CO)] Ru(CO)(2)NH(CH3)(CHPhCH3) (15), which is the complex between ruthenium and the amine newly generated from the imine. At -80 degrees C the reaction of hydride 2 with 4-BnNHsC(6)H(9)=NPh (18), with an internal amine trap, only afforded [2,3,4,5-Ph-4(eta(4)-C4CO)](CO)(2)RuNH(Ph)(C6H10-4-NHBn) (19), where the ruthenium binds to the amine originating from the imine, showing that neither complex A nor the diamine is formed. Above -8 degrees C complex 19 rearranged to the thermodynamically more stable [Ph-4(eta(4)-C4CO)](CO)(2)RuNH(Bn)(C6H10-4-NHPh) (20). These results are consistent with an inner sphere mechanism in which the substrate coordinates to ruthenium prior to hydrogen transfer and are difficult to explain with the outer sphere pathway previously proposed.
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