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| 2. |
- Lindfors, Perjohan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on gastrointestinal transit and antroduodenojejunal manometry after gut-directed hypnotherapy in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 47:12, s. 1480-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background. Gut-directed hypnotherapy is an effective treatment in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but little is known about the mechanisms of action. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects on gastrointestinal motility when treating IBS with gut-directed hypnotherapy. Methods. We randomized 90 patients with IBS, refractory to standard management to receive gut-directed hypnotherapy 1 h/week for 12 weeks or supportive treatment for the same time period. Eighty-one subjects (40 hypnotherapy, 41 controls) could be evaluated by one or more of the following investigations, both before and after the intervention: gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, colonic transit time, and antroduodenojejunal manometry. Results. No significant differences in gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, or colonic transit time was found when comparing the baseline and post-intervention measurements in the hypnotherapy group or in the control group. The same was true concerning the results of the antroduodenojejunal manometry. However, there was a numerical trend toward a higher number of migrating motor complexes at manometry and an accelerated gastric emptying time after hypnotherapy that did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions. In this study, we were not able to find evidence for long-standing effects on gastrointestinal motility as a mediator of the effects on IBS when treating the condition with gut-directed hypnotherapy. Further research to understand the mechanism of action is needed.
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| 4. |
- Törnblom, Hans, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Colonic Transit Time and IBS Symptoms: What's the Link
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0002-9270 .- 1572-0241. ; 107:5, s. 754-760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The relevance of colonic transit alterations for the overall symptom pattern in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to assess the total and segmental colonic transit time (CTT) and their relationship to symptoms and subgroups in a large sample of IBS patients. METHODS: Total and segmental CTT was assessed using radiopaque markers in 359 patients with IBS (279 females). These results were compared with existing normal values for healthy men and women without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Stool frequency and consistency (Bristol Stool Form (BSF) scale), and the perceived severity of three GI symptoms (bloating, flatulence, and abdominal pain) were noted in a daily diary during the measurement week. Patients could be classified by the BSF scale characteristics into Rome III subtypes (n = 338), or by use of the Rome II modular questionnaire into Rome II subtypes (n = 143). RESULTS: CTT was normal in 287 patients (80%), whereas 53 (15%) had accelerated and 19 (5%) had delayed CTT. Transit abnormalities in relation to gender-specific reference values were more common in males (30.0%) than in females (17.2%; P<0.05). IBS subgrouping according to Rome III (P<0.0001) and Rome II criteria (P<0.001) was associated with the presence of abnormal CTT. Stool form (r=-0.40; P<0.0001) and stool frequency (r=-0.30; P<0.0001) were moderately and negatively correlated to total CTT. No correlations of clinical significance were found between transit data and the three GI symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Total and segmental colonic transit alterations are of importance for the abnormal bowel habit seen in men and women with IBS, but of no or minor importance for other IBS symptoms.
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| 5. |
- Törnblom, Hans, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Gastrointestinal motility and neurogastroenterology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 50:6, s. 685-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nordic research on gastrointestinal motility has since 1965 made substantial contributions to our current understanding of gastrointestinal function. During the last decade, the term neurogastroenterology has widened the concept of motility research into the study of gastrointestinal sensory-motor function, including the complex central nervous system interaction. The discovery of a non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) innervation of the gut in the sixties was made by considerable contributions from the Nordic countries with the Martinson group in Sweden as central innovators. Important discoveries regarding the intramural nerve ganglia as mediators of the autonomic nervous input has also been produced from this research. In clinical motility research, the study of the migrating motor complex in the small bowel has revealed its ability to act as a retroperistaltic pump in the proximal duodenum (Sweden) and its important role for gut microbial homeostasis (Norway). Also in the development of methodology to study gut sensory-motor function, the Nordic countries has contributed. Examples are the physical characteristics of the esophageal manometry catheter (Denmark), the use of ultrasound for assessment of gastric function (Norway), a temporary electrical stimulation method in patients with severe nausea and vomiting (Sweden), a rectal barostat method for clinical evaluation of recto-anal function and a colonic transit time method utilizing radio-opaque markers (Sweden). In later years, the research collaborations have increasingly become worldwide in a manner making it less easy to define pure Nordic contributions.
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| 7. |
- Abrahamsson, Gun, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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On the (re)construction of numbers and operational reality : A study of face-to-face interactions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management/Emerald. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1176-6093 .- 1758-7654. ; 13:2, s. 159-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to examine the mobilization of management accounting (MA) numbers and metrics in social interactions. The purpose is to develop a model of how and why managers perceive and mobilize (new) MA numbers/metrics in a changing way over time in situated face-to-face interactions.Design/methodology/approach: An observation-based qualitative field study of a change project in a large manufacturing company is used as the basis for our analysis.Findings: The empirical study shows that MA numbers and metrics are essential when semi-distant managers strive to solve problems and achieve radical improvement targets, but that the ways in which existing and new metrics are perceived and mobilized during face-to-face interactions change over time. The study provides both a detailed account of the emergent nature of the transformation process and a number of mechanisms as to why managers (inter-)act the way they do to produce such change.Originality/value: The paper problematizes the generally held view that MA numbers and metrics primarily work as a structuring device in face-to-face interactions, and also, how the processes are constituted through which MA is transformed into such a structuring device. The paper also adds new insights to our understandings of why managers (inter-)act the way they do to produce MA change.
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| 8. |
- Abrahamsson, Hans, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A Turbulent Plane 2-Dimensional Wall-Jet in a Quiescent Surrounding
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Journal of Mechanics/B-Fluids. - 0997-7546 .- 1873-7390. ; 13:5, s. 533-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental investigation of the turbulence field in a plane two-dimensional wall-jet has been conducted. All measurements were carried out employing hot-wire techniques in a large scale experimental facility. Mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and wall shear stress were determined with slot Reynolds numbers of 1.0*104, 1.5*104 and 2.0*104. The wall-jet was found to be self-preserving, and an asymptotic scale matching was used to show the existence of a short inertial sub layer as compared with a wall boundary layer. Studies of the integral scale development and the turbulent diffusion of shear stress showed a strong interaction between the inner and outer regions of the wall-jet. Using momentum scaling, it was found that the streamwise development of the half-width and maximum mean velocity was independent of the slot Reynolds number.
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| 10. |
- Abrahamsson, Hans, 1966
(författare)
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On Turbulent Wall Jets
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An experimental investigation of the two- and three-dimensional turbulent wall jets has been conducted. The measurements have been performed using different hot-wire techniques in large scale wall jet facilities, and the measurements were focused on the fully-developed region of the flow. The two-dimensional wall jet is found to be self-preserving, and the streamwise development of the maximum mean velocity and the half-width is independent of the inlet Reynolds number when the viscosity and inlet momentum flux are used as scaling parameters. The near wall region is characterised by a short universal mean velocity profile and a high turbulence level caused by the influence of the outer region. The lateral spreading rate of the three-dimensional wall jet is found to be five times larger than the normal spreading rate, and this is connected to a secondary mean motion in the lateral plane which shows a negative normal mean velocity and a sharp twist of the velocity vector away from the symmetry plane near the wall. The turbulent kinetic energy budget indicates a transport of turbulent energy by advection and turbulent diffusion towards the wall region, where the turbulence level is enhanced and the near wall peak in the streamwise turbulence intensity is attenuated. A similarity analysis of the equations governing the 2DWJ show that the shear stress in the outer region scales with the friction velocity instead of the commonly used maximum mean velocity, and thus the outer region is governed by two velocity scales. The similarity analysis also shows that the growth of the wall jet (i.e. the half-width) is not linear but depends on the local Reynolds number. The velocity profiles in the overlap region are not logarithmic (as commonly believed) but show a power law behaviour. The similarity theory is in good agreement with experimental observations. Pulsed hot-wire anemometry measurements (PHWA) show good agreement with LDA data in the outer region of the 2DWJ, and these techniques give a significantly higher turbulence level (e.g. the shear stress) than the HWA. This difference can be explained by the high local turbulence levels, which are so high that local flow reversals occur. Even larger differences between PHWA and HWA are found in the 3DWJ because the local turbulence levels are higher and negative velocity samples are more frequent in the 3DWJ than the 2DWJ.
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