| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Jonas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between neutrophil recovery time, infections and relapse in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric Blood & Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1545-5009 .- 1545-5017. ; 65:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundChildren with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated similarly show different toxicity and leukemic responses. We investigated associations between neutrophil recovery time after the first induction course, infection and relapse in children treated according to NOPHO-AML 2004 and DB AML-01. ProcedureNewly diagnosed patients with AML with bone marrow blast<5% between day 15 after the start of the treatment and the start of second induction course, and in complete remission after the second induction course were included (n=279). Neutrophil recovery time was defined as the time from the start of the course to the last day with absolute neutrophil count<0.5x10(9)/l. Linear and Cox regressions were used to investigate associations. ResultsNeutrophil recovery time after the first induction course was positively associated with neutrophil recovery time after the remaining courses, and longer neutrophil recovery time (25 days) was associated with increased risk of grade 3-4 infections (hazard ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.8). Longer neutrophil recovery time after the first induction (>30 days) was associated with the increased risk of relapse (5-year cumulative incidence: 48% vs. 42%, hazard ratio 1.7, 95% CI, 1.1-2.6) for cases not treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission. ConclusionLonger neutrophil recovery time after the first induction course was associated with grade 3-4 infections and relapse. If confirmed, this knowledge could be incorporated into risk stratification strategies in pediatric AML.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the performance of risk and vulnerability assessments by Swedish Public Agencies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Disaster and Risk Conference: Integrative Risk Management in a Changing World - Pathways to a Resilient Society, IDRC Davos 2012. ; , s. 15-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk and vulnerability assessments (RVA) are vital components of the work conducted by public agencies at different levels, as part of the processes for governing and managing risks in the society. In Sweden, public agencies at all levels are required by legislation to perform risk and vulnerability assessments within their respective area of responsibility. The present paper presents a study of how Swedish municipalities, county administrative boards and national authorities work with RVAs, with a special focus on three aspects of such assessments that are highlighted in the legislation: vital societal functions, critical dependencies, and capability assessment. The main data collection technique was semi-structured interviews and a total of 25 actors were included and interviewed. The goal was to achieve a good representation of the different actors that perform RVAs. Thus 5 national authorities, 5 county administrative boards, and 15 municipalities were chosen in order to obtain a representative functional distribution (in terms of national authorities responsible for different sectors), geographic distribution as well as size distribution. The study shows that there is rather large variety of approaches, perspectives and views adopted by different actors, all with different advantages and drawbacks. It is argued that the findings of the study can be used to improve the RVA-practices of public authorities.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a systems-oriented framework for analysing and evaluating emergency response
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 1468-5973 .- 0966-0879. ; 18:1, s. 14-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information can be provided by studying and evaluating past emergencies and the response in connection to them. This information would then be useful in efforts directed at preventing, mitigating and/or preparing for future emergencies. However, the analysis and evaluation of emergency response operations is not an easy task, especially when the operation involves several cooperating actors (e.g. the fire and rescue services, the police, the emergency medical services, etc.). Here, we identify and discuss four aspects of this challenge: (1) issues related to the values governing the evaluation, (2) issues related to the complexity of the systems involved, (3) issues related to the validity of the information on which the analysis and evaluation is based and (4) issues related to the limiting conditions under which the emergency response system operated. An outline of a framework for such an analysis and evaluation, influenced by systems theory, accident investigation theories and programme evaluation theories dealing with the above aspects, is introduced, discussed and exemplified using empirical results from a case study.We conclude that the proposed framework may provide a better understanding of how an emergency response system functioned during a specific operation, and help to identify the potential events and/or circumstances that could significantly affect the performance of the emergency response system, either negatively or positively. The insights gained from using the framework may allow the actors involved in the response operation to gain a better understanding of how the emergency response system functioned as a whole, as well as how the actors performed as individual components of the system. Furthermore, the information can also be useful for actors preparing for future emergencies
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| 5. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling av kommunala risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport utgör redovisning av ett arbete som LUCRAM (Lunds universitets centrum för riskanalys och riskhantering) har genomfört på uppdrag av Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB). Uppdraget heter ”Studie om föreskrifters inverkan på kommuners risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser avseende jämförbarhet och enhetlighet”. Inom detta uppdrag har LUCRAM genomfört en dokumentstudie av kommunala risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser i Skåne och Örebro län, samt en enkätstudie riktad till kommunerna i ovanstående län. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka om, och i så fall på vilket sätt, enhetligheten och jämförbarheten mellan olika kommunala risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser har ändrats i samband med införandet av MSB:s föreskrifter MSBFS 2010:6.
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| 6. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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An Operational Definition of Emergency Response Capabilities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Disaster Recovery and Relief: Current & Future Approaches (TIEMS 2007).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Well developed emergency response capabilities are crucial in order to keep the risk in a community at low levels. Analysing these capabilities before an emergency occurs is important since it can identify weaknesses and possibilities for improvements. To start off from an operational definition is a possible point of departure in such an analysis. In this paper, therefore, we develop an operational definition of emergency response capabilities, which builds on systems theory and an operational definition of risk. The definition includes three essential elements; the task to which the capability is related, measures of how well that task can be performed and a description of the context affecting the performance of that particular task. The definition makes clear that the context might have large effects on how well a task can be performed and that there are uncertainties both regarding the context and how well a task can be performed given a context. Furthermore, we argue that it should be possible to make judgements about any statements that are made in the analysis regarding their validity and therefore the tasks and performance measures must be defined accordingly. The conclusion is that the operational definition provides an analytic structure which can help actors to gain knowledge about their emergency response capabilities and limits thereof.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Seriousness of Disasters: An Empirical Study of Preferences
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 6:1, s. 33-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In making societal decisions concerning hazards with potentially disastrous consequences it is important to have soundly based knowledge of how people evaluate the seriousness of disasters. In the present study a group of students evaluated the seriousness of disasters described in terms of four basic attributes (and their ranges): number of fatalities (0-1000), number of serious injuries (0-4000), economic loss (0-40 billion SEK), and cause of the disaster (natural, accidental, terrorism). Attribute weights were elicited by two separate methods, which taken together provides insight into the stability and the uncertainty of the weights elicited. Most participants regarded attributes related to physical harm, especially the number of fatalities, a finding that, however, must be seen in relation to the ranges of the attributes. In addition, the cause of a disaster also affected many of the participants’ judgments of its seriousness. The findings of this paper are of value to societal decision making, particularly in the case of projects of small to medium size in which specific elicitations of stakeholders’ values are rarely made.
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| 9. |
- Månsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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On common terms with shared risks - Studying the communication of risk between local, regional and national authorities in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 13:September 2015, s. 441-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncommon categorization, i.e. disparities in how similar terms and information is interpreted, coded and categorized, has been shown to impede inter-agency communication and collective sense-making. This study focuses on the presence and effects of uncommon categorizations in disaster risk management systems. We use the Swedish disaster risk management system as our case, and our empirical data consist of more than 120 reports from risk and vulnerability assessments, supplemented by 45 semi-qualitative interviews with officials who are involved in the realization of such assessments. Apart from investigating the causes and effects of uncommon categorization, we also map its extent and character, and its development between the years 2010 and 2014. The study shows that uncommon categorization is prevalent in the Swedish disaster risk management system. We argue that this has an extremely detrimental effect on the ability to integrate risk information, resulting in less useful bases for decisions and, thus, in a less efficient disaster risk management system. Nevertheless, we can also see signs of a reduction in uncommon categorization in recent years.
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| 10. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Standardization of disaster risk management - Challenges and opportunities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Standardization and Risk Governance : A Multi-Disciplinary Approach - A Multi-Disciplinary Approach. - London : Routledge. - 9780429290817 ; , s. 61-78
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses the question of whether increasing the level of standardization in a disaster risk management system will increase its effectiveness. Based on the results from several studies conducted in the context of the Swedish disaster risk management system, the authors argue that there are both positive and negative effects of increased standardization. More precisely, studies based on experiments indicate that increasing the extent of standardization of risk descriptions will probably facilitate the work of combining several sources of information in a risk assessment. But a study based on interviews and document reviews indicates that increasing the level of standardization might also lead to a reduction of motivation to conduct risk assessments. Thus, although increasing the level of standardization in a disaster risk management context might be an opportunity to facilitate the work of assessing risk, it might also result in new challenges.
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