| 1. |
- Acar, Sevil, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Convergence of CO2 emissions and economic growth in the OECD countries : did the type of fuel matter?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1556-7249 .- 1556-7257. ; 12:7, s. 618-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes convergence in CO2 emissions in the OECD countries with respect to the source of emissions (oil versus coal). The investigated period 1973-2010 is divided into two sub-periods, 1973-1991 and 1992-2010. The first period covers the OPEC oil price shocks, where the OECD oil policy was to a high extent governed by energy security concerns and cold war strategic considerations. The second period corresponds to the end of the cold war and the rise of climate policy in several OECD countries. Due to such contextual differences, oil and coal behave differently in the two sub-periods. The generally stronger convergence with respect to oil-related emissions until 1991 conditional on GDP per capita is compatible with a situation where the rising oil prices led to a strong transformation in the countries of interest. Besides, we evidence decoupling of economic growth from oil-related emissions in the post-cold war period.
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| 2. |
- Acar, Sevil, et al.
(författare)
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Convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions : implications and meta-analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 18:4, s. 512-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a rich empirical literature testing whether per capita carbon dioxide emissions tend to converge over time and across countries. This article provides a meta-analysis of the results from this research, and discusses how carbon emissions convergence may be understood in, for instance, the presence of international knowledge spillovers and policy convergence. The results display evidence of either divergence or persistent gaps at the global level, but convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions between richer industrialized countries. However, the results appear sensitive to the choice of data sample and choice of convergence concept, e.g. stochastic convergence versus β-convergence. Moreover, peer-reviewed studies have a higher likelihood of reporting convergence in carbon dioxide emissions compared to non-refereed work.
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| 3. |
- Acar, Sevil, et al.
(författare)
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Periods of converging carbon dioxide emissions from oil combustion : Evidence from a global sample and OECD countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disability, Community & Rehabilitation. - : Elsevier. - 1054-853X .- 2405-5352. ; 23:6, s. 685-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines convergence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by oil combustion for a panel of 86 countries considering the importance of analyzing sub-periods separately. The investigation also points at the necessity of choosing a restricted global sample, which takes into account, for instance, that Eastern Bloc countries reacted differently to increasing world crude oil prices than the rest of the world. The analysis builds on examining the β-convergence hypothesis in a neoclassical growth model setting with additional control variables such as emissions from combustion of solid fuels. The results reveal evidence in support of unconditional β-convergence of CO2 emissions intensity due to oil combustion in the restricted sample for the sub-periods 1973–1979 and 1979–1991, while no evidence for convergence was found for the post-1991, pre-Kyoto period. We could not find support for coal substituting for oil, which suggests that the two types of fuels were related to different basic technologies.
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| 4. |
- Acar, Sevil, et al.
(författare)
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Periods of converging carbon dioxide emissions from oil combustion in a pre-Kyoto context
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Development. - : Elsevier. - 2211-4645. ; 19, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines convergence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by oil combustion for a panel of 86 countries considering the importance of analyzing sub-periods separately. The investigation also points at the necessity of choosing a restricted global sample, which takes into account, for instance, that Eastern Bloc countries reacted differently to increasing world crude oil prices than the rest of the world. The analysis builds on examining the β-convergence hypothesis in a neoclassical growth model setting with additional control variables such as emissions from combustion of solid fuels. The results reveal evidence in support of unconditional β-convergence of CO2 emissions intensity due to oil combustion in the restricted sample for the sub-periods 1973–1979 and 1979–1991, while no evidence for convergence was found for the post-1991, pre-Kyoto period. We could not find support for coal substituting technologies.
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| 5. |
- Ducoing, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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How to handle natural capital within the context of the green economy?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of Green Economics. - 9780128166444 - 9780128166352 ; , s. 19-30
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural capital is one of the most controversial measures in current models of economic development. Sustainability challenges of our time are related with measuring Nature as economic value. How to measure the inputs that do not have a clear market price? How to measure ecosystems and noncultivable land? How to introduce these elements in our National Accounts? In this chapter, the main elements of the theory behind natural capital are reviewed, and the available measures are presented and criticized. The chapter concludes with some suggestions to adequate wealth measures with the inclusion of natural capital as economic input.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lindmark, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Riders on the storm
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of green economics. - : Elsevier. - 9780128166352 ; , s. 135-151
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores plausible environmental effects on American well-being from a historical perceptive, using quantitative data and a methodological approach that draws from green economics. This adds an environmental dimension of welfare to Robert Gordon’s interpretation of the development of well-being. First, it may be hypothesized that the levels of environmental damage rose especially during the prosperous decades following the World War II, including the spread of motor vehicles, diffusion of air traffic, and increased energy consumption. If so, the traditional way of measuring economic progress, i.e., gross domestic product, would exaggerate the true development of well-being. On the contrary, second, the true progress of the post-1970 period may have been underestimated if environmental damage actually decreased as a consequence of an environmental awakening among producers, consumers, and agents, creating modern environmental policy. However, as the cost of carbon is time dependent, we can foresee that the environmental costs will continue to increase.
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| 8. |
- Lindmark, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability in the making? A historical estimate of Swedish sustainable and unsustainable development 1850-2000
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 86, s. 176-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we estimate the long-rundevelopment of genuine savings in Sweden during the period 1850 to 2000. Bydoing so we are able to present a first analysis of long-run sustainabledevelopment during a single country’s transition to modern economic growth ratesand high income levels. We find that genuine savings may have been negative upuntil c. 1910. This suggests a period of transition to positive genuine savings in conjunction with or even preceding the transition to modern economic rates.Important contributions to the transition were increasing investments in humancapital, improved sanitary conditions, reduced depletion of forests andaccelerated investments in machinery and infrastructure.
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| 9. |
- Lindmark, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The environmental Kuznets curve and the Pasteur effect : Environmental costs in Sweden 1850–2000
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press. - 1361-4916 .- 1474-0044. ; 18:3, s. 306-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of environmental problems is among other things affected by knowledge and economic growth and the perception of welfare. In this article, we present a method for aggregating historically relevant environmental pressure indicators, thereby acknowledging that the complexity of environmental problems calls for multi-indicator approaches. Secondly, we use the aggregate for exploring the long-run dynamics between the environment and economic growth, using a methodology used in the study of the so-called environmental Kuznets curve. We find evidence for a right tilted-S form dynamic relationship. The dynamics is analyzed in a framework stressing that new knowledge of environmental problems is an important driver for the changing relationship, here called “the Pasteur effect”.
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| 10. |
- Pettersson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Convergence of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Review of the Literature
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Now Publishers. - 1932-1465 .- 1932-1473. ; 7:2, s. 141-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to review previous research on convergence of carbon dioxide emissions among countries. We discuss the key findings in this work, how the choices of model, data, statistical tests, etc. influence the results, and highlight some policy implications. The empirical research on convergence in per capita carbon dioxide emissions shows some evidence of convergence between developed (OECD) countries, while at the global level there appear to be relatively persistent gaps or divergence. These results are however sensitive to the choice of econometric approach and data set (e.g., the length of the time series). Still, the empirical basis for an egalitarian rule of equal per capita emissions in the design of global climate policy is not solid; it ignores the specific structural characteristics of countries such as climate, natural resource endowments, etc. The analysis therefore points to a need for more in-depth analyses of the structural determinants of carbon intensity (productivity) at the country level, as well as to additional research on the economic consequences of different types of equity principles (including combinations of such principles).
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