| 1. |
- Bostanmaneshrad, Farshid, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between water quality and macro-scale parameters (land use, erosion, geology, and population density) in the Siminehrood River Basin
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 639, s. 1588-1600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date, few studies have investigated the simultaneous effects of macro-scale parameters (MSPs) such as land use, population density, geology, and erosion layers on micro-scale water quality variables (MSWQVs). This research focused on an evaluation of the relationship between MSPs and MSWQVs in the Siminehrood River Basin, Iran. In addition, we investigated the importance of water particle travel time (hydrological distance) on this relationship. The MSWQVs included 13 physicochemical and biochemical parameters observed at 15 stations during three seasons. Primary screening was performed by utilizing three multivariate statistical analyses (Pearson's correlation, cluster and discriminant analyses) in seven series of observed data. These series included three separate seasonal data, three two-season data, and aggregated three-season data for investigation of relationships between MSPs and MSWQVs. Coupled data (pairs of MSWQVs and MSPs) repeated in at least two out of three statistical analyses were selected for final screening. The primary screening results demonstrated significant relationships between land use and phosphorus, total solids and turbidity, erosion levels and electrical conductivity, and erosion and total solids. Furthermore, water particle travel time effects were considered through three geographical pattern definitions of distance for each MSP by using two weighting methods. To find effective MSP factors on MSWQVs, a multivariate linear regression analysis was employed. Then, preliminary equations that estimated MSWQVs were developed. The preliminary equations were modified to adaptive equations to obtain the final models. The final models indicated that a new metric, referred to as hydrological distance, provided better MSWQV estimation and water quality prediction compared to the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index.
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| 2. |
- Noori, Roohollah, et al.
(författare)
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A critical review on the application of the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491. ; 244, s. 575-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have employed the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) with non-original rather than originally defined parameters of the model, particularly when incorporating fecal coliform (FC), total solids, and total phosphates as inputs. For this reason, this study aimed to perform a critical review on the application of the NSFWQI to explore the amount of change that can be expected when users employed non-original parameters (such as orthophosphate and total dissolved solids/total suspended solids instead of total phosphorous and total solids, respectively), or different units (FC based on the maximum probable number (FC-MPN) rather than the colony forming unit (FC-CPU)). To demonstrate the influence of originally defined inputs on NSFWQI results, various scenarios were investigated. These scenarios were generated using different possible inputs to the NSFWQI, altering the FC, total solids, and total phosphorous parameters obtained from the monitoring stations of the Sefidroud River in Iran. Considerable differences were observed in the NSFWQI values when using orthophosphate and total suspended solids, instead of the originally defined data (i.e., total phosphorous and total solids), in the model (first scenario). In this case, the number of stations with “good” water quality increased from one to seven when compared with the first scenario results. In addition, unlike the results of the first scenario, none of the stations were classified as class IV (i.e., “bad” water quality status). However, the results of the implemented scenarios presented a more favorable water quality status than those obtained using the first scenario (except the second scenario which included FC-MPN rather than FC-CFU). Using total dissolved solids instead of total solids and FC-MPN rather than FC-CPU, resulted in fewer changes. In both cases, the average of the NSFWQI values in the river classed all stations as “medium” and “bad” water quality for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Proper application of NSFWQI is important to provide high quality results for evaluation of water bodies, particularly when incorporating total solids and total phosphorous as inputs. The findings showed substantial changes in NSFWQI results when using orthophosphate and total suspended solids instead of total phosphorous and total solids, respectively. Using total dissolved solids instead of total solids and FC-MPN rather than FC-CPU, resulted in fewer changes. Generally, results indicated that the river water quality status in the wet season was better than during the dry season so that none of the scenarios classified the river water quality as “bad” (in terms of water quality status) in the wet season. Meanwhile, the river water quality was classified as “bad” for three scenarios in the dry season.
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| 3. |
- Noori, Roohollah, et al.
(författare)
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PODMT3DMS-Tool : proper orthogonal decomposition linked to the MT3DMS model for nitrate simulation in aquifers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrogeology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1431-2174 .- 1435-0157.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PODMT3DMS-Tool, which consists of a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) linked to the Modular Transport 3-Dimensional Multi Species (MT3DMS) code for nitrate simulation in groundwater, is introduced. POD, as a statistical technique, reduces a large amount of information produced by the MT3DMS model to provide the main components of the PODMT3DMS-Tool, i.e., space- and time-dependent terms of nitrate. The low-dimensional components represent time- and space-dependent factors in the aquifer response such as hydraulic, hydrogeological and water quality variables represented in the simulation using the MT3DMS model. The PODMT3DMS-Tool is thus a combined statistical and conceptual model with a simple structure and comparable accuracy to MT3DMS. Practical application of the PODMT3DMS-Tool to the Karaj Aquifer in Iran during 6 years revealed agreement between nitrate concentrations simulated by the PODMT3DMS-Tool and MT3DMS, with a mean absolute error of less than 0.5 mg/L in most parts of the aquifer. Moreover, the PODMT3DMS-Tool needed only about 10% of the calculation time required by MT3DMS. The PODMT3DMS-Tool can be used in predict nitrate concentration in the Karaj Aquifer, while its simplicity also makes it highly interesting for other water resources problems.
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| 4. |
- Noori, Roohollah, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal and depth variation of water quality due to thermal stratification in Karkheh Reservoir, Iran
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-5818. ; 19, s. 279-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study region: Karkheh Dam Reservoir (KDR) located in western Iran. Study focus: To date, there has been no research in the KDR that investigates the interconnections among thermal stratification (ThS), water quality, and nutrients, based on field measurements. This study explored the temporal trend of ThS in the KDR and its interrelationship with water quality parameters based on data measured from 2005–2006. New hydrological insights for the region: The results showed that a noticeable ThS in the KDR starts in late April and continues until early December. The strongest ThS occurs during late summer when the water temperature difference between the surface and bottom layers in the reservoir exceeds 18 °C. As a result of external forces that generally intensify in December, vertical water circulation occurs, and by January and February there is a minimal temperature gradient between the surface and bottom layers. During ThS, dissolved oxygen (DO) is strongly confined by the metalimnion and does not penetrate into the hypolimnion. However, even during late December to February, there is a large difference between DO concentration in the surface and bottom layers, which indicates limited mixing. Ammonium increasing and nitrate decreasing with depth was observed, likely due to denitrification (in the bottom layers) and nitrification (in the surface layers), respectively. The results of the present study provide new information on the spatio-temporal variation of water quality in large reservoirs, which is important for stakeholders with concerns related to lake and reservoir eutrophication and water quality issues.
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