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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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- Johnson, Mark D., 1954, et al.
(författare)
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A FORMAL LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY FOR THE QUATERNARY OF MINNESOTA
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America abstracts with programs Minneapolis 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Minnesota Geological Survey has created a formal lithostratigraphy for the Quaternary deposits of Minnesota that will be published on-line and in-print, fall 2011. We followed guidelines of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature (2005) to create a framework for establishing formal lithostratigraphic units in Minnesota, and we evaluated the approximately 120 lithostratigraphic names and units that have been identified and used in Minnesota since the time when geologic mapping of glacial deposits began. Of these, eighty-one (81) units are considered to be useful lithostratigraphic units of formation and member rank, and these are formally accepted in this open-file report or will be in future volumes. These 81 units include previously named formal lithostratigraphic units that are recognized and accepted as originally defined, but also formally defined units that we have revised or redefined to better fit into our stratigraphic framework. The remaining lithostratigraphic units have been used informally in earlier reports or are newly named. Twenty-three units are no longer considered valid as lithostratigraphic units are abandoned even though some of these are well-known among state geologists. These units include previously used units of both formal and informal status. Many units, especially in the subsurface, are undefined at the present time because their character and extent are poorly known.
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- Lusardi, Barbara A., et al.
(författare)
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QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY OF MINNESOTA—CHARACTERIZATION AND CORRELATION OF UNITS
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America abstracts with programs Minneapolis 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of Minnesota is covered by Quaternary sediment largely deposited by multiple ice lobes that emanated from different source areas within the Laurentide ice sheet. Subdivision of this sediment sequence as stratigraphic units is ongoing and provides a basis for interpreting the history of glaciation, as well as sedimentation in associated rivers and lakes. In addition, quantitative characterization of the properties of these strata increasingly is needed for applications such as groundwater management. To support characterization and correlation of these sediments, primarily consisting of diamicton interpreted as till, Minnesota Geological Survey staff have built a database of analyses for over 26,000 glacial sediment samples. The database includes location and descriptive information, along with matrix texture as percent sand, silt, and clay. For most samples, the very coarse sand fraction (1-2 mm) is further subdivided on the basis of the percentage of crystalline, carbonate, and shale grains, along with identification of indicator rock types within these groups. Lithologic data are used to assign tills to one of four source areas: shale-rich Riding Mountain provenance to the northwest, carbonate-rich Winnipeg provenance, carbonate-free and Lake-Superior erratic-free Rainy provenance, and finally red sandstone and rhyolite-bearing Superior provenance to the northeast. Recent progress on Minnesota Quaternary stratigraphy suggests that the sediments can be correlated across the state and can be subdivided as follows: old tills and associated sediment including magnetically reversed deposits, the bulk of which are derived from the Winnipeg provenance, but also includes Rainy and Superior provenance units; pre-Sangamonian, Winnipeg-source Browerville Formation which may be older or younger than the Superior-source tills such as the Hawk Creek, Henderson, and River Falls formations; Wisconsinan Traverse des Sioux and associated sediment that is a mix of both Winnipeg and Rainy sources; Rainy provenance sediments including the Independence formation; Superior provenance sediments including the Cromwell and Barnum formations; Riding Mountain provenance sediments mostly consisting of the New Ulm Formation; and sorted sediments such as the deposits of Lake Agassiz.
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- Maxwell, Tania L., et al.
(författare)
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Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural resource managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, and valuation of these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset of tidal marsh soil organic carbon (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, soil depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or soil organic matter (SOM). The MarSOC dataset includes 17,454 data points from 2,329 unique locations, and 29 countries. We generated a general transfer function for the conversion of SOM to SOC. Using this data we estimated a median (± median absolute deviation) value of 79.2 ± 38.1 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 30 cm and 231 ± 134 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 1 m of tidal marsh soils globally. This data can serve as a basis for future work, and may contribute to incorporation of tidal marsh ecosystems into climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies.
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