| 1. |
- Abraha, Aynalem, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of cancer patients and their caregivers regarding COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
- 2021
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Ingår i: J Clin Oncol 39, 2021 (suppl 15; abstr e24116).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Limited research is available about COVID 19 pandemic in Ethiopia in general and in relation to cancer care in particular. Ethiopia reported the first COVID-19 in March, 2020. The number of cases is increasing, putting much pressure on oncology care. This study examines what the Ethiopian cancer patients and their caregivers knew about COVID 19 after the initial stages of the pandemic. It also assesses the information needs, psychological experiences as well as the impact of pandemic on oncologist-patient-caregiver communication and treatment process. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 participants (100 cancer patients and 100 caregivers) at the initial stage of pandemic (May 1 - June 30, 2020) at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire to assess knowledge and perceptions on COVID-19. Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Board of TASH (04/14/2015) and the Ethical Review Board of Western Sweden (DNR 520-18). Results: The results indicate that though both cancer patients and their caregivers show a high awareness of and knowledge about COVID 19, they need more information about the risks specific to cancer patients. The respondents are also concerned about the risks of pandemic outbreak in Ethiopia and its impact on availability of cancer care treatments in the country. The respondents report experiencing psychological concerns in relation to the pandemic. The higher educated patients and caregivers report being more concerned than the lower educated respondents. Delays in appointments and therapy are the main concerns in relation to cancer care. Further, both patients and caregivers experience that the restrictions on the number of caregivers present during interactions with oncologists negatively influence communication, resulting in relatives being excluded and patients experiencing loneliness and lack of support. Conclusions: Getting a better insight into knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 among cancer patients and their caregivers is essential for managing the effects of pandemic in cancer care. To our knowledge, there was no similar study in Ethiopia. The results of the study contribute to insights into patient and caregiver awareness of COVID 19, essential for adoption of health care protective practices, providing information and managing oncologist-patient-caregiver communication.
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| 2. |
- Berbyuk Lindström, Nataliya, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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MHealth in Pediatric Oncology Care Development of Mobile Support for Family Members of Children with Cancer in Ethiopia
- 2021
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Ingår i: ICIS 2021 TREO Talks, Dec 12-15, Austin, Texas.. - : Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) AIS Electronic Library (AISeL).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is a major burden in Ethiopia. The Oncology Department of Black Lion Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa is the country’s sole specialist unit for cancer care. With a handful of oncologists, lack of resources, and a huge patient load, the work is extremely challenging. Patients, usually accompanied by family members, often wait for a long time and frequently depart without getting information or treatment (Kebede et al., 2020). Family members of children with cancer are especially vulnerable, experiencing a lack of information, support, and stigmatization, resulting in distress, depression, and anxiety (Deribe et al., 2021). In Africa, the use of mobile phones is rapidly increasing, turning mHealth applications into an accessible tool for providing opportunities to overcome disparities in access to health services and health information (Nyende, 2020). In our planned project, we aim at developing a pediatric cancer information app targeted at family members in Ethiopia. First, we will assess the information needs by interviewing parents/caregivers of children diagnosed with the most common cancer types, represented in the country. We will also interview oncologists and nurses. Next, based on the analysis of interviews, we will develop a prototype in collaboration with the staff from Black Lion Hospital, Sahlgrenska University, and RISE Institute. The prototype will be tested by family members and staff in different parts of Ethiopia. Finally, we will evaluate the test results and develop the final version of the application. The outcomes of this study will help to increase access to information about pediatric cancer, contributing to decreasing psychological problems and improving quality of life for families with children with cancer. As the number of oncology centers and health providers in Ethiopia is limited, the project will also contribute to minimizing the burden for health care providers.
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| 3. |
- Deribe, Leul, et al.
(författare)
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Level of Family centered care and associated factors among parents of children with cancer at tertiary level hospital, Ethiopia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Nursing : Nursing Care of Children and Families. - 0882-5963.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To determining level and factors affecting Family Centered Care (FCC) in pediatric oncology unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital (TASH), Ethiopia. Method A cross sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022. Three hundred ninety-three parents of children with cancer were consecutively interviewed using Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-20). Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of FCC. Result The total MPOC 20 means was 3.71(SD = 1.04). The mean score for respectful and supportive care, coordinated and comprehensive care, enabling and partnership, providing specific information and providing general information were found to be 4.8, 4.6, 3.7, 2.3 and 2.6, respectively. Family employment (−0.33(95% CI = −0.63, −0.03; P = .029)), low family education (−0.40 (95% CI = −0.70, −0.11; P = .008)), referral cases (−0.37(95% CI = −0.59, −0.14; P = .001)), shorter time spent in hospital (−0.49(95% CI = −0.85, −0.12; P = .010)) and psychological distress (−0.01(95% CI = −0.026, −0.001; P = .028)) were associated with lower mean score of FCC. Conclusion The total FCC mean score was found to be low. From the five FCC components providing general and specific information scored the lowest mean level. Practice implications Mechanism to improve information delivery that address parents from different background and referred from other health facility should be in place in order to improve FCC level. In addition, the FCC should be designed to address parents of children with different lengths of stay.
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| 4. |
- Deribe, Leul, et al.
(författare)
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Stress and coping strategies among parents of children with cancer at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital paediatric oncology unit, Ethiopia: a phenomenological study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 0959-8146. ; 13:e065090, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study explores sources of stress, conditions that help reduce stress levels and coping strategies among parents of children with cancer receiving chemotherapy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Ethiopia. Design A qualitative phenomenological approach was used. Setting Parents of children receiving chemotherapy at the TASH paediatric oncology unit. Participants Fifteen semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine mothers and six fathers of children with cancer from November 2020 to January 2021. Results Sources of stress related to child’s health condition as the severity of the child’s illness, fear of treatment side effects and loss of body parts were identified. Parents mentioned experiencing stress arising from limited access to health facilities, long waiting times, prolonged hospital stays, lack of chemotherapy drugs, and limited or inadequate information about their child’s disease condition and treatment. Other sources of stress were insufficient social support, stigmatisation of cancer and financial problems. Conditions decreasing parents’ stress included positive changes in the child’s health, receiving cancer treatment and access to drugs. Receiving counselling from healthcare providers, getting social support and knowing someone who had a positive treatment outcome also helped reduce stress. Coping strategies used by parents were religious practices including prayer, crying, accepting the child’s condition, denial and communication with health providers. Conclusion The main causes of stress identified by parents of children with cancer in Ethiopia were the severity of their child’s illness, expectations of poor treatment outcomes, unavailability of cancer treatment services and lack of social/financial support. Measures that should be considered to reduce parents’ stress include providing psycho-oncological care for parents and improving the counselling available to parents concerning the nature of the child’s illness, its treatment, diagnostic procedures and treatment side effects. It may also be helpful to establish and strengthen family support groups and parent-to-parent communication, improve the availability of chemotherapy drugs and offer more education on coping strategies.
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| 5. |
- Kebede, Tayue Tateke, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of childhood pneumococcal vaccination program in Ethiopia: Results from a quasi-experimental evaluation
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 The Author(s). Background: Ethiopia was among the 15 countries that, together accounted for 64% of the world's severe episodes of pneumonia among children below the age of 5 in 2011. To reduce this burden, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 10) was introduced into the general childhood national immunization program in Ethiopia in 2011. However, there is little evidence on its cost-effectiveness, and the aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the introduction of PCV 10 vaccination in the Ethiopian setting. Methods: The cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out based on a quasi-experimental evaluation of implementing PCV 10 at the Butajira rural health program site in Ethiopia. The intervention and the control groups consisted 876 and 1010 children, respectively. Using data from program site's surveillance system database as a framework, health outcome and vaccination data were collected from medical records, immunization registration books and reports. Disability- Adjusted Life Year (DALY) was a main health outcome metric complimented by incidence of acute lower respiratory infection/1000-person years. Vaccination and treatment costs were collected by document review and cross-sectional household survey. Results: In the intervention cohort, 626 of 876 (71.5%) children received PCV 10 vaccination. Until the first year of life, the incidence of acute lower respiratory infection was higher in the intervention group. After the first year of life, the incidence rate was 35.2 per 1000-person years in the intervention group compared to 60.4 per 1000-person years in the control group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per averted DALY for the intervention group during the total follow-up period was (2013 US) 394.3 (undiscounted) and 413.8 (discounted). The ICER per averted DALY excluding the first year of life was (2013 US) 225 (undiscounted) and 292.7 (discounted). Conclusion: Compared to the WHO's suggested cost-effectiveness threshold value, the results indicate that the general childhood PCV 10 vaccination was a cost-effective intervention in the Butajira rural health program site.
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Household air pollution and pneumococcal density related to nasopharyngeal inflammation in mothers and children in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Three billion people in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to household air pollution as they use biomass fuel for cooking. We investigated the associations between solid fuel use and nasopharyngeal (NP) inflammation, as well as the associations between high pneumococcal density and NP inflammation, in mothers and children in rural and urban Ethiopia. Materials and methods Sixty pairs of mothers (median age, 30 years; range, 19-45 years) with a child (median age, 9 months; range, 1-24 months) were included from rural Butajira (n = 30) and urban Addis Ababa (n = 30) in Ethiopia. The cohort was randomly selected from a previous study of 545 mother/child pairs included 2016. Questionnaire-based data were collected which included fuel type used (solid: wood, charcoal, dung or crop waste; cleaner: electricity, liquefied petroleum gas). Nasopharyngeal (NP) samples were collected from all mothers and children and analyzed for the levels of 18 cytokines using a Luminex immunoassay. Pneumococcal DNA densities were measured by a real-time multiplex PCR and a high pneumococcal density was defined as a cyclic threshold (Ct) value <= 30. Results Mothers from rural areas had higher median CXCL8 levels in NP secretions than those from urban areas (8000 versus 1900 pg/mL; p < 0.01), while rural children had slightly higher IL-10 levels than those from the urban area (26 vs 13 pg/mL; p = 0.04). No associations between fuel type and cytokine levels were found. However, a high pneumococcal density was associated with higher levels of cytokines in both mothers (CCL4, CXCL8, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and VEGF-A) and children (CCL4, CXCL8, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-18). Conclusions No significant associations were found between solid fuel use and NP inflammation in Ethiopian mothers and children, but the inflammatory activity was higher in individuals living in the rural compared to the urban area. In addition, high cytokine levels were associated with high pneumococcal density in both mothers and children, indicating a significant impact of NP pathogens on inflammatory mediator levels in upper airways.
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| 7. |
- Shine, Sisay, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnant women's perception on the health effects of household air pollution in Rural Butajira, Ethiopia : a phenomenological qualitative study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Household air pollution is the major public health problem in developing countries. Pregnant women spent the majority of their time at home and are the most affected population by household air pollution. Exploring the perception of pregnant women on adverse health effects is important to enhance the mitigation strategies. Therefore, this study aim to explore the pregnant women's perceptions about health effects of household air pollution in rural Butajira, Ethiopia.METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative study design was conducted among 15 selected pregnant women. All interviews were carried out at the participants´ house and audio-recorded while housing and cooking conditions were observed and appropriate notes were taken for each. The collected data were transcribed verbatim and translated into the English language. Then, the data were imported into Open code software to manage the overall data coding processes and analyzed thematically.RESULTS: Study participants perceived that respiratory problems such as coughing, sneezing and asthma and eye problem were the major health problem caused by household air pollution among pregnant women. Study participants also mentioned asphyxiated, abortion, reduces weight, and hydrocephalus was caused by household air pollution on the foetus. Study participants perceived that financial inability, spouse negligence, autonomy and knowledge level of the women were the barriers to tackling household air pollution. Study participant also suggested that opening the door and window; using improved cookstove and reduce workload were the perceived solution for household air pollution.CONCLUSIONS: This study explores pregnant women's perceptions on health effects of household air pollution. The finding of this study was important to deliver suitable intervention strategies to mitigate household air pollution. Therefore, educating the women on way of mitigating household air pollution, improving existing structure of the house and minimize the time to stay in the kitchen is important to mitigate household air pollution exposure.
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| 8. |
- Tamire, Mulugeta, et al.
(författare)
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High levels of fine particulate matter (Pm2.5) concentrations from burning solid fuels in rural households of Butajira, Ethiopia
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of solid fuel, known to emit pollutants which cause damage to human health, is the primary energy option in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure the level of household air pollution by using the 24-h mean concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) in 150 randomly recruited households in rural Butajira, Ethiopia. Data relating to household and cooking practices were obtained by conducting face-to-face interviews with the mothers. The 24-h mean (standard deviation) and median PM2.5 concentrations were 410 (220) and 340 µg/m3, respectively. Households using only traditional stoves and those who did not open the door or a window during cooking had a significantly higher mean concentration compared with their counterparts. There is a statistically significant correlation between the mean concentration of PM2.5 and the self-reported cooking duration. The pollution level was up to 16 times higher than the WHO 24-h guideline limit of 25 µg/m3, thus leaving the mothers and children who spend the most time at the domestic hearth at risk of the adverse health effects from solid fuel use in Ethiopia. Thus, effective short-and long-term interventions are urgently needed.
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| 9. |
- Tamire, Mulugeta, et al.
(författare)
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Household fuel use and its association with potential respiratory pathogens among healthy mothers and children in Ethiopia
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Over 90% of Ethiopians still rely on solid fuels for cooking food. The pollution from the burning process causes adverse respiratory outcomes including respiratory infections. This study aimed to assess the association of the pollution with nasopharyngeal occurrence of potential pathogens. Methods We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study in urban and rural settings in Ethiopia in 2016. Questionnaire-based data were collected from 168 mothers and 175 children aged below two years. Multiplex real-time PCR assays were performed on nasopharyngeal secretions for detection of bacteria and viruses and for the identification of pneumococcal serotypes/groups. Results High rates of bacteria and viruses in the nasopharynx were detected by PCR among both the children and the mothers. Among the detected viruses, enterovirus was more commonly detected among rural children than among children from urban areas. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were both more prevalent among children and mothers from rural areas compared with urban groups and among those using solid fuels compared with cleaner fuel users. Children from rural households using solid fuels and children whose mothers had educational status below high school had four times higher odds for detection of S. pneumoniae compared with those households using cleaner energy or those children having mothers with a higher educational status, respectively. One or more serotype/serogroup was identified in about 40% of the samples that were positive for pneumococci. Out of all identified serotypes/serogroups, 43% in the children and 45% in the mothers belonged to PCV13, indicating the larger majority of detected pneumococci being non-PCV13 serotypes. Conclusion This study presented a high carriage rate of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae among both children and their mothers, especially in rural areas and among solid fuel users. Thus, interventions should target cleaner energy sources to the public and promote maternal education.
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| 10. |
- Tamire, Mulugeta, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory symptoms and lung function among Ethiopian women in relation to household fuel use
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to household air pollution has been linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. This study aims to assess respiratory symptoms and lung function among Ethiopian women in relation to exposure to HAP. We conducted a cross-sectional study among non-smoking women responsible for household cooking. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms and risk factors using a validated questionnaire. Spirometry with reversibility testing was performed according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines. We used independent t-test and multivariable logistic regression to compare the means and measure association respectively. A total of 545 women participated in the study out of which 231 (42.3%) performed spirometry with at least three acceptable manoeuvres. Everyone in the rural group and 43% of the urban group were exposed to HAP from solid fuels during cooking. The odds of developing at least one respiratory symptomwhencomparedwiththoseusingcleanerfuelsaretwiceashighforwomencookingwithin the living house. We also found significantly lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (L) among solid fuels users compared with cleaner energy users. Given the larger population settlement in the rural areas and the use of solid fuel as the only energy source, there is a higher risk of developing chronic respiratory health problems for those women in Ethiopia.
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